
Book <__£! 



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COPYRIGHT DEPosrr. 



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GUIDE TO i 

BOSTON! 

/or T^hysicians m^ 



^ 




Prepared for the 
Seventy-Second Annual Session of the 
American Medical Association 

June 6-IO, 192 i 



DISTINCTIVE DEPENDABLE SIGHT-SEEING 

Royal Blue Line 

MOTOR TOURS 

Seeing Ancient and Modern Boston 
Seeing Picturesque Boston and Cambridge 
Tour to Lexington and Concord 
Tour to Salem and Marblehead 
All-Day Tour to Plymouth 
All-Day Tour to Gloucester 

Members must exchange their coupons changed for tickets on or before 10 a.m., 

for 50-mile Tour to Lexington and Thursday, June 9th. 

Concord, June 9th, on or before 2 p.m., ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ exchanged at Royal 

Wednesday, June 8th. ^^^^ Line Company's office, Mechanics 

Coupons for 60-mile Salem and Marble- Building, or at Principal Office, Hotel 

head Tour, June 10th, must be ex- Brunswick. 

Ask for our Free Map and Guide to Boston 



ROYAL BLUE LINE MOTOR TOURS 

Every Day in the Year 

Boston from Hotel Brunswick 

New York from Hotel McAlpin 

Philadelphia from 1208 Chestnut St. 

Washington from Hotel Raleigh 

Havana, Cuba (November to April) . from Hotel Plaza 



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IN 



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Cou 
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GUIDE TO BOSTON 

for Physicians T^^ 

Prepared for the 
Seventy- Second Annual Session 

OF THE 

AMERICAN :\Ii:i)K AL ASSOCIATION 
June 6-10, 1921 



EDITKD BY 
WALTKK L. IH RKAGH. M.D. 




CAMBRIDGE 

The University Press 
1921 



ANNOUNCEMENT 



At the request of the members 
of the 

PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS 
EXCHANGE 

this service bureau takes "pleasure in extending its 

facilities to the American Medical Association 

during the Convention 



To reach any 
Physician or Surgeon in Boston 

and for any 
INFORMATION 

concerning Hospitals, Clinics, Locations, and 

Directions At Any Moment throughout 

the day pr night, Call 

Back Bay 9800 

Members are invited to inspect this system 
Suite No. Jf32 Warren Chambers Building, Jfl9 Boylston Street 

©CI.A617292 

Copyright, 1921, hy Walter L. Burrage 

»jUN 1 1 1321 



l'liKFA( H 

TIME l)riMgs sucli rai)i(l cliaiiges that guide hooks are soon 
out of (late. This hook has been l)rouglit up to the pres- 
ent an<l is more than a guide. It lias heen prepared as an 
authoritative liistorical sketcli of the points of interest in (ireater 
Boston, Unking tlie j)ast witli tlie i)resent, an<l at the same time it 
is a directory for visiting tliis region to-day in tlie most convenient 
manner. In scope it includes the north and south shores, taking 
in Salem and (Jloucester to the north and IMymouth and Province- 
town to the south, and the historic towns of I^'xingtoii and Concord 
to the west. 

Particular attention has been paid to. the various public and 
semi-jniblic hospitals and medical institutions, which are not 
describe<l or illustrated in any similar publication. By j)rinting 
the chief points of interest in heavy-faced type and the streets in 
italics, the pul)lishers have made the book more useful for quick 
reference. The index, on page IfiO, should be consulte<l freely; the 
page numbers, in heavy ty])e, indicate the chief treatment of a 
.subject, the other figures, merely where it is mentioned. The maps 
are the most recent, and the illustrati(ms have been selected with care. 

The sections of the book, having been assigned to the different 
members of the committee, were put in .shape for the printer during 
the past year, and the committee are pleasetl to submit the results of 
their labor to the American Medical Association as a free offering 
to the great national medical society which has acconij)lished so 
much in ])lacing the i)ractice and art of medicine on a higher j)lane 
and has done us the honor to hold its convention in our city. 

J. Dellincjku Bauxkv, M.D. Johx Homans, M.D. 
HoiiACE PixxKY, M.D. Hexky C. Mauhle, M.D. 

Walter L. Buiuuge, M.D. Fkaxk A. Pe.mbeutox, M.D. 
Ehxest M. Dai.wd, M.D. Stephen Rushmore, M.D. 
Lyman S. Hai'good, M.D. Ciianning C. Simmons, M.D. 

Lesley II. Si-ooner, M.D. 



Sub-Committee on the Guide Book 



Boston, June, 1921. 



IIISTORirAL SKKTril OF lUl^TOX 

IX the fall of IGlM, the year following' the laiuliuf; of the Pil- 
grnns, the doiif^hty Cai)tain Myles Standish, with ten com- 
panions, set sail from Plymouth in a shalloj) to explore the 
shores of the Hay at the northward an<l to seeure the frien<lship of 
the Massachusetts Indians. It is thought that he landed on the 
three-hilled peninsula called "Shawmutt," which, according to 
some authorities in the Indian language, signified "Sweet or Liv- 
ing Waters," for the springs of the peninsula offered the chief in- 
ducement for the selection of this site for a settlement. Standish 
and his boatload move<l with great celerity, spent the first night 
at anchor in the lee of Thomi)son's Island in Boston harbor, next 
day reached Charlestown and travele<l inland as far as Winchester, 
starting back in three days. They brought home "a good quantity 
of beaver and made report of the place, wishing that they had 
been there seated." A little later Robert (lorges, son of Sir Fer- 
dinando Gorges, reached these shores. With him was one Thomas 
Morton, who settled at MerrAinount, now in the c-ity of Quincy, 
and Samuel Maverick, who foundc<l a home on Noddle's Islan<l, 
Fast Boston. Still another with (Jorges was William Blackstone, 
a graduate of Cambridge University, the i)ioneer and only white 
settler in Boston for several years after UV2o. He is a somewhat 
shadowy figure, who dwelt near a famous boiling spring on the 
western slope of Beacon Hill, one of the three hills of the town. 
Spring Lane, off lower Washington Street, marks the location of 
another early spring. 

The town was founded in I60O, during the reign of Charles I, by 
English colonists sent out by the "Governor and Comj>any of 
Massachusetts Bay in New England." John Winthrop, who had 
been chosen governor to lead the expedition of the Bay colonists 
to the New World, had arrived in Salem the previous June, l)earing 
with him the Charter of 11)20, which transferre<l for the first time 
the control of the colony from England to New England. Salem 
not jjroving to their liking, the colonists came to Charlestown, 
which had l)een laid out and named by men from Salem the previous 
year. There they settled, crossing the river in a few months to 
Trimount, the more desirable site. The order of the founding of the 
town and its name were adopted by the Court of Assistants sitting 
in the Governor's house in Charlestown on Sej^tember 17, 1630. The 
chief members of the comi)any came from Boston in Lincolnshire, 

1 



2 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

hence the name given to the new town which is usually held to 
mean Botolph's ton or town. At first the settlement was called 
"Trimountaine," from the original name of Sentry or Beacon Hill, 
it having three separate peaks, before it was leveled years later. 

Settlers from Devonshire, Dorsetshire, and Somersetshire arrived 
at Nantasket in the ship "Mary and John," May 30, 1630, and 
established themselves at Dorchester and Roxbury, later to be- 
come parts of the city. During the summer and fall of 1630 some 
fifteen hundred persons, brought in twelve ships, found their way 

to the shores of Massachusetts 
Bay. 

The outlines of the old town 
are shown on the map on the 
opposite page. It included 
seven hundred and eighty-three 
acres of solid land and marshes, 
and the shore was much cut up 
by bays and inlets. A narrow 
neck of land, often overflowed 
by the tides, connected the 
peninsula with the mainland at 
Roxbury. The waters of the 
harbor came into the town dock 
at the head of the "Great 
Cove," where Dock Square is 
noAV, and the Charles River 
formed a large bay to the west, 
afterwards known as "Back 
Bay," at the present time 
filled in. 

The South Bay, an arm of the sea now cutting off South Boston 
from Boston Proper, is the remnant of the original large body of 
Avater which occupied this region. A ferry of rowboats was estab- 
lished in 1637 connecting Charlestown with the town, and for one 
hundred and fifty years, until the first bridge was built, this was the 
only means of communication. The ferry was worth forty pounds 
a year to the ferryman in those early years, and soon became a 
source of income to Harvard College, being given to the college by 
the Court. William Wood, an educated young Englishman, who 
visited the settlement in 1630, wrote of it: 

"Boston is two miles North-east from Roxberry: His situation 
is very pleasant, being a Peninsula, hem'd in on the Southside 
with the bay of Roxberry, on the North-side with Charles-river, 




THE OLD SOUTH CHURCH 
THE FIRST king's CHAPEL 
AND BEACON HILL IN 1742 



'^P^^^^i^iW^^ 




nosTox 

The solid black represents the part \vhi<li has Ix-en filled. A lartre portion of w hat is now 
the principal Business District was oriiriiially covered by water and wasconnected with the 
mainland by a very narrow iu-<k. Tlic C nnbridire side of Charles River has also been lilled 
quite extensively. 



f''rom Guide to irrirupolitt^n 'u^i*-^ 



Copyrighted, 1899, b\ George H. IVulker &' Lo- BoW* 



criDK TO BOSTON 3 

the Marslics on the hjicke-side, l)eing not lialfe a quarter of a mile 
over: so that a Httel fencing will secure their cattel from the 
Woolues. ... It hciiii: a Xecke and hare of \vo(hI they are not 
troubletl with three great annoyances of Woolves, Rattlesnakes and 
Musketoes." 

Indians were about in plenty, however, and it was necessary to 
be on the constant lookout for them. It was for protection against 
these foes that the fort was built on Fort Hill in 1632 and another 
in East Boston (Noddle's Islan<l) by Sanniel Maverick, he who 
joined with Dr. Kol)ert Child in KUG in lu's "Remonstrance and 
humble Petition" to the (leneral Court, that the fundamental laws 
of Englan<l should be established in Massachusetts, that the rights 
of freemen shouM be extended to all truly British and that all well- 
conducted meml)ers of the Church of England should l)e received 
without further tests or covenants into the New England churches, 
or else be allowed "to settle (themselves) here in a church way, 
according to the best reformations of England and Scotland," i.e. 
on the Presbyterian miMlel. Maverick, who was a freeman, stoo<l 
trial with the other i)etitioners the following year, was sentenced 
and imi)risone<l twelve days, and i)aid a fine of fifty poun<ls. for 
breaking his oath and appealing against the intent of his oatli of a 
freeman. 

The following (juotation from the early records shows some of 
the prol)lems which confronted the settlers: "At the (ieneral Court 
at Boston in Septemlwr, 1032, it was ordered that Richanl Hop- 
kins should be severely whipt and brande<l with a red hot Iron on 
one of his Cheeks, for selling (Juns, Powder, and Shot to the In- 
dians. At the same Tune the Question was considere<l, whether 
Persons offending in this way ought not to be put to death But the 
Subject was referred to the next Court." 

Our Puritan forefathers seldom did things by halves, as the fore- 
going extract shows. Life was made hard for heretics and "witches," 
and punishments were swift and sure. It is related that in lOlO one 
I''<lwar<l Palmer, for asking an excessive price for a pair of stocks 
which he had l)een hire<l to frame, had the privilege of sitting an 
hour in them himself. 

The settlement was hardly formed before a schoolmaster had 
been appointed in the person of one Philemon Pormort, of the 
Boston Latin School, the first of that long line of schoolmasters 
that has kept up the supremacy of letters through all the stress of 
the building of a nation. Harvard College was founded in 1636, 
and it has remained from the <lay of its founding not only the first, 
l)Ut the foremost universitv in America. 



4 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

These were the days of the greatest usefulness of the far-famed 
baked beans. To the settler, tramping of a Sunday to his three- 
service, all-day worship, gun on shoulder and eye for the lurking 
savage, it was satisfying to the inner man to find on returning to 
his rude house that the smoking bean pot, snugly ensconced in the 
embers, had been cooking in his absence, and was ready to supply 
his system with that toothsome trinity of proteids, carbohydrates, 
and fats, the Boston Baked Bean. 

Of medicine in these days Dr. O. W. Holmes says: "Our fore- 
fathers appear to have given more thought, a great deal, to the 
salvation of their souls, than to the care of then- bodies. Disease 
itself, the offspring of sin and penalty of a poisoned nature, was for 
them a theological entity rather than a disturbed physiological 
process. . . . Very little is recorded of the practitioners of medi- 
cine compared with the abundant memoirs of the preachers." 
There were physicians, many of them well trained, instance 
Samuel Fuller, the first physician, who came in the "Mayflower" 
and ministered to the Pilgrims for thirteen years; Giles Firmin, who 
settled in Ipswich and was the first to "read upon an anatomy," 
that is, teach anatomy by means of a skeleton; John Clark (1598- 
1664) of Newbury and Plymouth, who was clever at cutting for 
stone and introduced a breed of horses, besides being the progenitor 
of a long line of physicians. John Winthrop, Jr., son of the first 
governor, for some years an inhabitant of Massachusetts and after- 
wards Governor of Connecticut, was a noted physician. Charles 
Chauncy and Leonard Hoar, presidents of Harvard College, were 
both learned in medicine and taught students. Chauncy was a 
B.A. and Hoar an M.D. of Cambridge, England. 

There were women physicians as early as 1636, when Anne 
Hutchinson came to Boston to practice her profession. She is 
spoken of as a person "Very helpfull in the times of childbirth, and 
other occasions of bodily infirmities, and well furnished with means 
for those purposes." 

Margaret Jones of Charlestown, the first person to be hanged in 
New England for witchcraft (1648), was a practicing physician. 
Her medicines were said to have "extraordinary violent effects." 
She was charged with "having such a malignant touch that if she 
laid her hands on a man, woman, or child in anger, they were 
seized presently with deafness, vomiting, or other sickness, or 
some violent pains." 

The most important event in the medical history of provincial 
times was the introduction of inoculation for smallpox in 1721. 
At this time there was just one regularly graduated physician in 



GUIDE TO BOSTON 



Boston, William Douglass. He opposed inoculation with a ready 
pen, and was supi)ortcd by the press. The ministers of this time 
were quite the peers of the doctors in medical knowledge, and it is 
not strange that the credit for the introduction of variolous inocu- 
lation should he given to Rev. Cotton Mather, who had read in the 
l'hil()S()i)hical Transactions of the Royal Society of London that this 
nu'tluxl had been used in Turkey as a preventive against small])ox. 

Dr. Zalxliel Boylston su])iK)rted Dr. Mather, practiced inocula- 
tion, and even in<)culate<l his own son amid the most violent o])po- 
sition and abuse, his life at one time being in danger. 

To Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse is tlue the cre<lit for the mtroduc- 
tion of vaccination for smallpox in the United States. Dr. Water- 
house read Jenner's book in 1799 and a little later Pearson's book 
ui)on Cow or Kinepox, and in ^larch, 1799, began the i)ul)lication 
of articles on vaccination. 
He receive<l vaccine from 
England and first of all vac- 
cinate* I his own son. He 
furnishe<l infectnl threads 
to President Jefferson at 
Monticello, with which the 
President vaccinate<l all his 
imme<liate family and prob- 
ably himself. 

The American Revolu- 
tion began in lioston. Just 
when the agitation started 
which le<l up to the war 
is a matter on which there is a difference of opinion. 

The citizens of Boston had an opportunity to test their indepen- 
dence and their resources as far back as 1746, when Louis XV sent 
a powerful fleet of ships under Admiral D'Anville to wipe the town 
off the face of the map because of the taking of Louisburg by the 
Provincials the previous year. The citizens sank stone boats in 
the harbor, an<l organized the "train bands of the province" to 
the ninnber of 0400 men. Their deliverance came through a vio- 
lent storm which wrecke<l the French fleet off Grand Manan 
Island, in the Bay of Fundy. 

The colonists of New England had learned that they could storm 
and take one of the strongest fortresses in America without help 
from outside, and furthermore they had defied the anger of the 
most powerful prince in Europe and had come off without harm, 
as they thought by the providence of God. 




A'. L. Slihhins, Photo 

ui: HOUSE 



6 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

Soon after this the impressment of American seamen in the 
British navy aroused the ire of the inhabitants. It seemed as if 
tlie home government in England did everything it could to an- 
tagonize the colonists. When James Otis delivered his famous 
speech against the "Writs of Assistance" in 1761, he was not suc- 
cessful, to be sure, but he aroused the people and taught them to 
maintain their rights. "Sam" Adams was the quiet, honored 
leader behind the scenes who had the confidence of his fellow- 
townsmen, both rich and poor. He called town meetings upon 
occasions of need, and formal and dignified resolutions were passed 
against the British acts of repression. 

If emphasis were needed to the resolutions, a mob appeared in 
the streets and did Adams' bidding. The Stamp Act, passed by 
the British Parliament in 1765 to raise revenues in the American 
colonies by the sale of stamps and stamped paper for commer- 
cial purposes, and the tax on tea aroused great hostility to the 
government. 

In State Street was shed the first blood of the Revolution, in 1770, 
when the soldiers fired on one of the mobs and killed Crispus At- 
tucks, a negro, and two others. This was the so-called "Boston 
Massacre." 

The Boston Tea Party, as it was styled, when masked men disguised 
as Indians tossed overboard a cargo of freshly arrived tea from a 
vessel lying at Griffin's Wharf, occurred December 16, 1773, and was 
the cause of the Boston Port Bill, which closed the port to trade. 

These were stirring times in Boston. Dr. Joseph Warren left his 
practice to further the cause of freedom. Three months before his 
death at Bunker Hill he delivered an oration in the Old South 
Church on the Boston Massacre, the church being so carefully 
guarded by the soldiers it was necessary to introduce him into the 
building through a window behind the pulpit. 

It was only by chance that the Americans learned of the British 
plans to destroy the stores and ammunition collected at Concord. 
The secret had been so well kept that it is said General Gage's 
second in command did not know until the next morning the troops 
had marched to Lexington. A groom of a British grenadier stay- 
ing at the Province House let fall the remark to a hostler, John 
Ballard by name, that "there would be hell to pay to-morrow." 
This was April 18, 1775. Ballard was a liberty boy, and feigning 
some forgotten errand, left the stable in haste and carried the news 
to Paul Revere, who already had made his plans as to the signal 
lanterns to be placed in the steeple of the " Old North," now 
Christ Church. 



ciiDK TO liosrox 7 

Oil Jtiiu' 17. 177."), was fou«jlit the battle of Bunker Hill. It is 
a singular coiiKidoiice that this shoiiKl be St. liotolph's Day, tlie 
East Anglian saint for whom old Boston in Englan<l was naino<l. 
On the same day befell the taking of Loiiisburg by the Massachu- 
setts and Connecticut provincials in 174'). 

The names of Warren. Putnam, Prescott, Pomeroy, and Stark 
are writ large on the rolls of the heroes of the Revolution. 

That the raw, un<liscii)lined Americans, fighting in their shirt- 
sleeves in the little redoubt only eight rotls s(iuare, could inflict a 
loss in killed and wounded of one cpiarter of General Gage's force 
was glory enough, and was fraught with results big for the cause of 
freeilom, notwithstanding that the British came off victors. 

The loss of (ieneral Josei)h Warren, the President of the Pro- 
vincial Congress, was equal to that of five hundred men in the 
estimation of General Howe, who knew him well. To the remon- 
strance of his frien<l, Klbridge (Jerry, who begged him not to go to 
Bunker Hill, Warren replietl, Duhr ct dcronnn est pro ixitria luori. 
Deeply hurt by the reflections cast ujion the courage of his country- 
men, he is said to have exclaimecl, "I hope I shall die uj) to my 
knees in bKxMlI" He was shot through the head by a nuisket ball, 
and his bo<ly lay on the field until the next day, when it was recog- 
nized by Dr. John Jeffries, and was buried on the spot where he 
fell. His renuiins were removed years later to the family vault in 
Forest Hills Cemetery. 

During the siege of Boston in 177.") and 177(>by the Ucxolutionary 
Anny, (Jeneral Knox succeeded in bringing more than fifty <-aimons, 
mortars, and howitzers from Ticon<leroga, Crown Point, and other 
distant i)laces to the lines before Boston, dragging them on sledges 
over the snow. One of the cannon balls, perhaps from these very 
cannons, foimd lodgement in the wall of the Brattle S(iuare Church, 
and is now to be seen at the rooms of the Massachusetts Historical 
Society. 

The British used Faneuil Hall for a theater, the Old South 
Church for a riding academy for the dragoons, the Old North 
Church for fuel, and ma<le themselves as obnoxious as they couhl. 

On the morning of March 17, 1776, they awoke to find that 
General Washington had fortified l)t)rchester Heights, now in 
South Boston, so that he could pitch cannon balls into the fleet in 
the harbor and into the town. Accordingly they went aboard their 
ships and evacuated the town, and Washington came triinnphantly 
in over the Neck from Roxbury. 

Boston originally had jurisdiction over Charlestown, East Bos- 
ton, Chelsea, Revere, Brookline, Quincy, Braintree, and Randolph, 



8 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

so that even in colonial days there was a Greater Boston. It was 
not until 1739 that Boston was limited to the peninsula proper and 
certain of the islands of the harbor. At present its bounds (26 
wards) embrace 27,870 acres (47.81 square miles) of original land, 
filled marshes, and acquired territory, and include besides ''Boston 
Proper," starting at the east and swinging around to the south, 
west, and north. East Boston, South End, South Boston, Dor- 
chester, Hyde Park, Roxbury, Jamaica Plain, West Roxbury, 
Brighton, Back Bay, West End, North End, and Charlestown. 
Brookline, the wealthiest town in the country, forms a wedge be- 
tween Brighton on the north, and Roxbury, Jamaica Plain, and 
West Roxbury on the south, and so far has resisted all efforts to 
induce it to join the municipality. It prefers independence and a 
town government. 

Boston had a town government, with a board of selectmen, until 
it was incorporated as a city, after ten futile attempts, February 23, 
1822. It is interesting to note that in 1734, one hundred years 
after its settlement, Boston had a population of fifteen thousand, 
which is about the present population of Boston in England. 

In 1789 the town was made up almost entirely of wooden build- 
ings, of which there were some twenty-three hundred, and the 
population numbered a little under eighteen thousand souls. 

The Metropolitan District includes the "Boston Basin," a terri- 
tory some fifteen miles in width, lying between the bay on the 
east, the ridge of the Wellesley Hills and Arlington Heights on the 
west, the range of Blue Hills on the south, and as far as Swamp- 
scott on the north. This region now embraces fourteen cities and 
twenty-six towns, with a population in 1920 of 1,732,773, or forty- 
three per cent of the total population of the state. 

Boston is divided up according to long-established custom into 
the following districts: Central or Business District; East Boston, 
— two islands, Noddle's and Breed's; South Boston, projecting 
into the harbor; Dorchester District and Hyde Park on the south- 
east; Roxbury District on the south; Jamaica Plain and West Rox- 
bury on the southwest; the Back Bay and the Brighton District 
on the northwest; the West End and the North End and the 
Charlestown District on the north. The present population is 
747,923, according to the United States Census of 1920. 

Business has now spread from the Central District to the North 
End, West End, and South End, and also into the Back Bay. The 
streets of the city are notoriously crooked except in the Back' Bay 
and in South Boston. They are picturesque, individual,'and con- 
venient. Many of them were at first lanes and paths; all of them 



(JUIDE TO BOSTON 9 

have names ami not nunil)ers, witli the snigle exception of the 
streets in South lioston. 

The town of IGoO was hiid out along the water front, and most 
of tlie principal houses were situated in the neighborhood of what 
are now Dock S(iuare and State, Washington, and Hanover Streets. 
In later years the better residential section spread to the slopes of 
Beacon, Copp's, and Fort hills, and up Washington and Tremont 
Streets to the South End, finally forsaking the last region for the 
Back Bay. 

The streets were lighted by lanij)s imtil 1S34, when gas was in- 
tHKluced from the works erected at the foot of Copp's Hill in 1828. 

The early springs in tune gave place to wells, an<i these to run- 
ning water l)rought from Jamaica Pond in wooden logs l)y a com- 
pany incorporate<l in 1795. Cochituate water was introduceil in 
1848, and there was a celebration to mark the event at the tune 
at the Frog Pond on the Common, for which James Russell Lowell 
wrote his ode on water. 

Water for the city now comes from Lake Cochituate, the Sud- 
i)ury Kiver, and the great Wachusett Kesers'oir of the Metropolitan 
Water Works at Clinton, Mass. The introtluction of water was 
brought about largely by the occurrence of disastrous fires. There 
were serious conflagrations in 1070, 1079, 1711, and 1700. The 
most disastrous of all was the great fire of November 9, 1872, which 
destroyed projjcrty to the amount of 800,000,000 in the business 
district. 

Boston clahns as her son Benjamin Franklin, printer, writer, in- 
ventor, shrewd statesman, diplomat. Franklin left in his will one 
thousan<i pounds to "the inhabitants of the Town of Boston in 
Massachusetts." This was to accumulate for one himdred years 
when "the managers were to lay out at their discretion £100,000 
in Public Works which may be adjudged of most general utility to 
the Inhabitants." In 1907 the accumulated fund amounted to 
$438, 741. 89 and in that year the managers erected the Franklin 
Union Buihling on Berkeley Street at the South End to carry out 
his wishes and to honor his memory. Daniel Wel)ster, the great 
orator, statesman, and lawyer, had his home at ]\Iarshfield, not 
many miles from our city. William Thomas Green Morton, a den- 
tist and later the holder of an M.D. degree, first used ether as a 
surgical anesthetic at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Oc- 
tober 10, 1840. His name was entered in the American Hall of 
Fame, November 0, 1920. 

Boston gave to the world the electric telegraph and the tele- 
phone. S. F. B. Morse, the inventor of the telegraph, was born in 



10 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

Charlestown in 1791, and the first experimental line was stretched 
from Milk Street to School Street in 1839. 

Alexander Graham Bell came to Boston from Scotland in 1872, 
and lectured at Boston University. At the laboratories of the 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University he 
worked out what is probably the greatest time-saving invention of 
the age, the speaking telephone. Boston is now one of the greatest 
telephone cities of the country, the heart of the telephoile industry, 
from which has spread throughout the world this wonderful means 
of bringing people at a distance into instant communication. In 
Quincy was built the first railway in America, a short line stretch- 
ing from the granite quarries to the sea. 

The Boston region has been foremost in popular education 
from Puritanical times. Counting in the educational equipment, 
there are within the scope of the metropolitan region some three 
million books which may be consulted by the public. Many notable 
figures in the realm of pure literature adorn the pages of her his- 
tory. Parkman, Prescott, and Motley wrote their histories here. 

Here lived Ralph Waldo Emerson, preacher, poet, philosopher, 
and Nathaniel Hawthorne, that matchless weaver of romances. 
Boston and Cambridge were the homes of the poets Longfellow, 
Lowell, and Holmes, and Whittier lived not far away. 

Nathaniel Bowditch made his translation of Laplace's "Meca- 
nique Celeste" in Salem, and Asa Gray, the botanist, and Louis 
Agassiz, the naturalist, lived and worked in Cambridge. 

The fishing industry, always one of Boston's chief occupations, 
still maintains its supremacy. During the year 1920, there were 
received direct from the fishing grounds one hundred and twenty- 
five million pounds of groundfish, thus making it the greatest fish- 
ing port in the world. Boston is the second port in point of size in 
North and South America. It is the greatest wool market and the 
greatest boot and shoe market in the world. In public spirit our 
city has always been preeminent. Bostonians are the first to re- 
spond with assistance in times of great disasters. A recent instance 
was the terrible misfortune which came upon Halifax. The news 
was barely reported before measures were taken to send relief. As 
a musical center Boston has been preeminent, and the fame of the 
Boston Symphony Orchestra has spread throughout the world. 

Boston has been defined facetiously as "not a locality, but a 
state of mind," and it is the pride of Boston and of Massachusetts 
that this state of mind is the heritage from Winthrop and his fol- 
lowers, who brought with them to New England the best traditions 
of Old England. 



HOW TO 1-I\1) TIIK WAV AlU)rT TIIK CITY 



CONSL'LT ilie map facinij pa^e 2 aii»l note tlie i)()ints of 
the C()ini)ass, the sliaj^e of the city, and that Boston is a 
peninsuhi separated from tlie mainhiml (Cambridge and 
( harlestown) on tlie west and north by tlie Charles Uiver, from 
Chelsea and the islands of East Boston on the northeast hy Boston 
Harhor, and from Sonth Boston and 1 )()rfb.ester on tiie south- 
east hy the South Bay. 

Although Boston streets are narrow and crooked, the distances 
are not great. A circle with a mile radius from City Hall in School 
Street includes all of Boston i)r()per and small |)ortions of Charles- 
town, East Boston, and the South End an<l a large section of the 
Back Bay. 

Entering Boston from the s(tuth over the New \'i.rk. New Haven 
&: Hartford Railroad, trains stoj) first at the liack Bay Station. 
This is near Coj)ley S(|uare an<l the Copley Plaza Hotel. The next 
stoj) is at the South Station, one of the largest stations in the world. 
Trains from the west, on the Boston & Alhany Railroad, stoj) at 
Huntington Avenue Station, which is near the Back Bay Station. 
They also terminate at the South Station. Outward-hound trains 
stop at Trinity Place, 'i'rains from tlu' north and east arrive at 
the North Station on the Boston & Maine Railroad. 

There are two main streets running through the business dis- 
trict of Boston — Washington and Trcinont. Trciiiont Street 
starts at Scollay Stpuire, runs 
southward along Boston Com- 
mon, then swings to the south- 
west an<l across the city. As 
Tremont Street api)roaches the 
Common it is joined hy Park 
Street, which lea<ls to the Stat. 
House. The princii)al undci- 
ground station of the streti 
railway system is at the corner 
of Park and Tremont Streets. 
From this station cars run 
northward to Scollay and Hay- 
market Squares an<l the North 
Station, where some of the cars leave the suhway and cross the 
Charles River on a viaduct, going to East Camhridge and Sonier- 
ville. South- and westward-boimd cars may be taken at Park Street 

11 




ni-am-A^ 



^i. Ph. to. 
NORTH STATION 



12 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

for points in the Back Bay, Brookline, Allston, Brighton, Newton, 
and Watertown. Cars for the Huntington Avenue section of the 
Back Bay, and for BrookHne Village leave the subway at Arlington 
Street, near the Public Garden. The other cars of this group 
pass through the Boylston Street subway to Boylston, Arlington, 
Copley, Massachusetts, and Kenmore stations, then coming to the 
surface. All of these cars go to Copley Square, either by subway 
or surface. 

From the sub-subway at Park Street, known as Park Street 
Under, trains run northward to Cambridge and Harvard Square. 
Southward they pass beneath the Washington Street tunnel, next 




N. L. Stebbins, Photo. 



SOUTH STATION 



to be mentioned, stopping at Washington and then South Station. 
They then pass under the harbor to South Boston and Andrew 
Square, connecting with surface cars for Dorchester. 

The tunnel trains which run under Washington Street through 
the business section become elevated trains at either end of the 
line. The elevated structure begins at Everett, continues to Sulli- 
van, Thompson, and City Squares in Charlestown, and becomes 
subway at the North Station. The subway stations are Friend, 
Milk, Summer, and Boylston going south, and Essex, Winter, State, 
and Union going north. Leaving the subway again, the elevated 
stations are Dover, Northampton, Dudley, Egleston Square, Green 
Street, and Forest Hills. Connections with surface cars are made 
at all these stations. 

One other subway needs to be mentioned. The West End cars, 
which run near the Massachusetts General Hospital, going north 



GUIDE TO BOSTON 13 

pass iinderground on Cambridge Street, stopping at Bowdoin and 
Scollay Under, which is Ijelow tlie regidar ScoHay Square Station. 
These cars nin as a cross-town hne, connecting witli tlie Tremont 
and Wasliington Street subways, tlien nmning to Devonsliire and 
Athmtic Avenue, thence under tlie liarbor to East Boston. 

An elevated line runs from the North Station, along the Atlantic 
Avenue water front to the South Station. At Howe's Wharf is the 
steamship line for Nantasket Beach and the ferry to East Boston, 
connecting with the Revere Beach trains. 

The theater district is near the southern corner of Boston Com- 
mon. Nearly all the theaters are within two or three blocks, on 
Tremont Street or just off it. The Boston Ojxjra House is on 
Huntington Avenue, beyond Massachusetts Avenue. 

From Boston Connnon, near the corner of Park and Tremont 
Streets, Winter and Sunnner Streets pass through the heart of the 
business section to the South Station. Boylston Street, which 
originates at Washington Street, runs westwanl along the borders 
of the Connnon an<l Public (iarden to Copley Scpiare, then con- 
tinues across Massachusetts Aveime and ends at the Fenway, part 
of the Boston park system. At Copley Stjuare, Himtington Avenue 
branches off from Boylston Street and leads southwestward past 
many public buildings to the Medical Center of the city, where 
the Harvard Mcilical School and nearly a <lozen hos|)itals are situ- 
ated. The district between the first portion of Boylston Street, 
Copley l^(|uare, and Huntington Avenue on the one side an<i the 
Charles lliver on the other is the section known as the Back Bay. 
This is chiefly a residential district. 

Massachusetts Avenue is a cross-town street, starting at the Bos- 
ton end of the Harvard Bridge over the Charles lliver, crossing 
Beacon Street, Commonwealth Avenue, Boylston Street, Hunting- 
ton and Cohnnbus Avenues, and Washington Street, then passing 
the Bost<m City Hospital and continuing to South Boston. 

Beacon Street starts at Tremont Street, opposite School Street 
(l>etween Scollay S(|uare and Park Street), curves over Beacon 
Hill i)ast the State House, borders the Back Bay, and contimies 
through Brookline to Newton Center. 

Commonwealth Avenue runs from the Public (iarden westward, 
running at first parallel to Beaccm Street, but later crossing it 
near the Kenmore Station of the Subway and continuing westward. 
The cross streets between the Public Garden and the llivenvay 
are arranged alphal)etically — Arlington, Berkeley, Clarendon, Dart- 
mouth, etc. Visitors shouhl notice the orderly naming of these 
streets and forget for a minute the maze in other sections. 



14 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



Cliarles Street separates the Public Garden from Boston Common. 
It starts at Park Square and leads down by the Charles River, past 
the Massachusetts General Hospital to the Charles River Dam. 
One must not confuse Park Square with Park Street. They are 
separated by Boston Common. 



N. L. Stebbins, Photo. 



PUBLIC GARDEN 



^KXT]^^L ok ui sim:ss distkk t 



M()S'r of tlic older liisl«)ri(' laiuliiiarks arc to In- found in the 
linsint'ss District and North Knd. or the part of tlio jH'n- 
insuhi to wliicli Colonial. Provincial, and Ucvolutionary 
Boston was confined. 

Fort Hill Square is a few stcjjs from tiic K(»\vc's Wharf Station of 
the lioston Klcvatci! Railway on i)assinj,' throniih IIkjIi Stnrf. it 
is tlie site of Fort Hill, one of the ori^'inal hills of old l^>ston. leveled 
in IS()7-72. Close at i»an<l. at the fo(>t of Prnrl Sfnrf, near what is 

now tiie western side of Afhnifir Airnin the watersi<le street — 

was (Jriffin's Wharf, scene of 



Party. .\ 
del of a tea 



^ 



the Boston Tea 

tablet, with a mo 

shij) and an inscription, 

marks the spot whicii is 

now not on the water's cd^'e. 

(ioin<; up I'm 1 1 Sfrnf. 
away from the harhor, we 
(■liter M ill: Sfrrcf jnst helow 
Post Office Square. The 
Post Office niark> the ca-^tcrly 
limit of the^'reat fireof lS7l', 
which burned over an area 
of sixty acres, and destroyed 
jjroperty to the amount of 
si.xty million dollars. The 
crumbled stone on the M III: 
Sfnrt side of the building', 
and a tablet in the wall com- 
memorate the disaster. 

Milk- and Prnrl Stnrfs 
were the site of many fine 
resi<iences in the latter part 
of the eighteenth and early 
part of the nineteenth cen- 
turies. Some of tlie first families of the town occui)ied .s|)acious 
mansions, surrounded by aniplc lawns and gardens, in this vicinity. 

Washington Street is the lon^'est thorou^difare with one name in 
New Knuhind. It extends from Boston to Providence, Uhode 
Island. Within the city limits its course is from Haymarket Scjuare 
tJM-ough the Central District, South Kml, Koxbury, and West 

15 




.sr 




TMK OLD .solTH { HIU( li 



16 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



Roxbury to the Dedham line. In early times it was called "the 
way leading towards Roxbury," and for a long time was the only 
approach by land to Boston. The part between State Street and 
Water Street in the Business District has been known colloquially as 
Newspaper Row. 

Near the head of Milk Street, No. 19, and nearly opposite the 
Old South Church, was the birthplace of Benjamin Franklin (1706- 
1790). The Old South Meeting-House, corner of Milk and Wash- 
ington Streets, was built in 1729. A previous church on this site was 
built in 1670. On Milk Street, just behind the church, is the site of 
Governor Winthrop's second mansion, in which he died. 

Otis, Warren, and Hancock addressed the citizens from the pulpit, 
of the Old South; Whitefield preached here; town meetings were 
held in the Meeting-House in 1773 that led up to the Boston Tea 

Party. Dr. Joseph Warren de- 
livered a series of orations on 
the Boston Massacre here three 
months before he was killed at 
Bunker Hill. The church was 
used as a riding-school by the 
British dragoons in 1775, dur- 
ing the siege of Boston. The 
building is now preserved by 
an organization of twenty-five 
Boston women, as a loan mu- 
ser.m of Revolutionary and other 
relics. The Old South Lectures 
to young people on patriotic 
Open to the public, week days, 




ONE OF BOSTON S OLDEST BUILDINGS 

Formerly the Old Corner Book Store 



subjects are held here frequently 
9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Fee, twenty-five cents. 

In Spring Lane, the next street to Milk Street on the right-hand 
side, going north on Washington Street, is the site of the earliest 
spring mentioned by the first settlers. It is marked by a tablet. 
The Old Corner Book Store building, on Washington Street, corner 
of School Street and nearly opposite Spring Lane, a weathered relic 
of the past, was built on the site of Anne Hutchinson's dwelling 
in 1712 as a drug store and was a book store until the firm re- 
moved to 27 Bromfield Street in 1903. Ticknor and Fields, and 
their successors, occupied the store for a series of years, and many 
noted authors were wont to gather here. No. 239 is the site of 
Samuel Cole's Inn, the first tavern in Boston (1634), later known as 
the "Ship Tavern." The great fire of 1711 started in the rear of 
the tavern. 



GUIDE TO BOSTON 17 

On the opi)()site side of Washington Sfrert, from the Old South 
Church, an<l one Inuulred yards or so south (So. 327), is a passage- 
way leaihng into Province Court. In the court may be seen a por- 
tion of the wall of the old Province House (1G79), used as a residence 
for the governors in colonial tunes. 

Going up School Street we come to the Niles Building (Xo. 27) 
on the right-hand side of the street, next to the City Hall. This was 
the site from 1785 to 1S15 of the dwelling of Dr. John Warren, 
brother of Dr. Joseph Warren and great-grandfather of the present 
Dr. John Collins Warren. He was the first Professor of Anatomy 
and Surgery in the Harvard Medical School. 

In front of the City Hall 1 1S02), on School Street, are the statues 
of Henjaniin Franklin, by Richard Greenough, and that of the elder 
Josiah Quincy, l)y Thomas Ball. The first public Latin school- 
house in the town, the predecessor of the present Latin School on 
Warren Avenue, was erectetl on the spot between the City Hall and 
King's Chapel in 1635, whence the name of the street. See the 
tablet on the stone post in the fence in front of City Hall, also a 
tablet marking the site of the house of Gen. Fre<ierick Haldimand. 

Passing through Citi/ Hall Avenue we come to City Hall Annex, 
a large office Iniilding on the site of the Old Court House wjiich was 
associate<l with the fugitive slave riots. In this building are the 
offices of the Boston Health Department under the charge of Com- 
missioner W. ( ". \\'(»(Mi\v;ird, formerly of Washington, D. C. 

Boston Health Department. A board of health was first estab- 
lished in Boston in 1799. Paul Revere, the hero of Longfellow's 
I)oem, was its chairman. When Boston became a city in 1S22 the 
functions of the board of health were vested in a committee of the 
City Coimcil. A serious smallpox ei)i<lemic le<l to the re-establish- 
ment of a separate board of health in 1872. 

In 1914 a city ordinance established the present fonn of organiza- 
tion of the Boston Health Department, and vested! in a single 
Health Conunissioncr practically all the powers fonnerly possessed 
by the board of health. As at present organized the Health I)ei)art- 
ment comprises the following divisions: Medical, Child Hygiene, 
Sanitarj^ Food Inspection, Laboratory, and the Division of \'ital 
Statistics, Records, and Accounts. For the purposes of practical 
administration the Footl Inspection Division is sub-divided into 
the Market, Store, and Restam-ant Service; the Milk Inspection 
and the Dairy InsjK'ction Services. Owing to the wide area from 
which Boston's milk supply is derived, this last-named service is 
called on to maintain a surveillance over milk producers not only 
in all the New England states, but also in Canada and New York 



18 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



state. The Milk Inspection Service controls the sale of milk within 
the city. 

At the Health Department Laboratory in City Hall Annex any 

physician or dentist in 
Boston may have made for 
him, free of charge, any 
kind of laboratory exam- 
ination to assist him in 
establishing a correct diag- 
nosis in any case of sus- 
l^ected contagious disease. 

The general death rate 
in Boston has decreased 
from 26.77 in 1876 to 15.63 
in 1919. 

Returning to School 
Street, and passing to 
Tremont, we come to King's 
Chapel. Built in 1749, it 
is the second King's Chapel 
on the site, and the first 
Ei)iscopal Church in Bos- 
ton. It was built of Quincy 
granite from designs of 
Peter Harrison, an Eng- 
lishman, and has been little altered. Note the communion table of 
1688 and the tablets. It became the first Unitarian Church in 
the United States in 1785. It is open daily from 9 a.m. to 12 m. 

The King's Chapel Burying Ground is nearly as old as Boston. 
The earliest interment of which there is a record is that of Governor 
Wintlirop in 1649. John Cotton (1652), pastor of the First Church; 
Thomas Thacher (1678), first pastor of the Old South Church, 
physician, and author of the first publication on a medical subject 
in America; Governor John Leverett (1809), and Judge Oliver 
Wendell, grandfather of Oliver Wen- 
dell Holmes, were buried here. 

Across ScJiool Street from King's 
Chapel is the Parker House, one of 
the chief hotels of Boston. A part 
of the hotel covers the site of Edward 
Everett Hale's birthplace. Across 
Tremont Street is the Tremont Office 
Building, occupying the site of the ^^^ >vinihrop tomb 




KING S CHAPEL 




(;rii)E TO Hosrox 



19 




JOHN HANr()( K 
MONUMENT 



il Trii 



join 



Tremont House, ;i famous inn for sixty 

ycar> previous to iSSi). 

Tremont Temple, next to tlie Parker 

House, 7t) to SN Tremont Street, was 

foundtMl as a Free Baptist Chureli in 

ISoU. The present l)uiI(Hng is the foiu'th 

temple on this site. It contains a hir^e 

liall for pul)He meetings. 

The Granary Burying Ground is on 

tlie west side of Tremont Street, l)etween 

Beacon and Par/c Streef.'f. Here he buried 

Jolui Hancock, Sanniel Adams, James 

Otis. Ro))ert Treat Paine, Peter Faneuil, 

Paul Revere, Josiah Franklin and wife 

(l)arents of Benjamin Franklin), John 

Phillips, first mayor of Boston, and 

father of Wendell Piiillips; many ptv- 

ernors, as Kichard Bellin^diam and 

James Bowdoin, and the victims of the 

Boston Massacre of 1770. 
Park Street Church dSOS) (Con^re^atio 

the (iranary Burying (Jround at the corner of Tremont and I'ttrl: 

Streets — "Brimstone Corner." so called hy the unrighteous. It is 

the hest example remaining in the city of the early nineteenth- 
century ecclesiastical architecture. It 
stan<ls on the site of the town granary, 
from which the town agents sold grain 
to the poor. Here William Lloy<l (Har- 
rison gave his first public ad<lress against 
slavery, ami Charles Sumner delivered 
his great oration on "The War .System 
of Nations." In this churcii "America " 
was first simg on July 4, 1S.'^2. 

Looking into Hamilton Place, nearly 
oi)|)osite the entrance to Park .Street 
Church, we see the northerly front of 
the old Music Hall, built by the Harvard 
Musical Association in 1N.")2, and now 
a vaudeville theater. Theo<lore Parker 
I)reache<I here, and this was the home 
of the Boston Symphony Orchestra until 
Symphony Hall, at the corner of Mas- 
nachnsett.s and llunt'ington Avenues, was 




FHANKI.IN MOM MKNT 



20 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

built in 1900. The Boston Medical Library had its rooms in 
Hamilton Place, when first organized in 1875. 

No. 2 Park Street was the house of Dr. John C. Warren. Here 
Dr. J. Mason Warren was born and died, and the present Dr. J. 
Collins Warren began practice. It was occupied for a short time by 
the historian, John Lothrop Motley. 

In Winter Street corner of Winter Place is the site of the home of 

Samuel Adams from 1784 
F" • . • ^ ^^j^^jl 1-^ig ^g^^i-^ ij^ igo2. It 

is marked by a tablet. 

Boston Common was set 
apart as a place for a train- 
ing field and for feeding the 
cattle in 1634, four years 
after the settlement of the 
town. It extended origi- 
nally from the junction of 
Beacon and Tremont Streets 
to the waters of the Charles 
River, where Charles Street 
is now. At present it com- 
prises about forty-nine 
acres, and is bounded by 
Beacon, Park, Tremont, 
Boylston, and Charles Streets, 
being separated from the 
Public Garden by the last- 
named street. It has been 
preserved intact by orders 
of the town, and by a clause 
in the City Charter, forbidding its sale or lease, or the laying out 
within its precincts of any highway or railway. From time to time 
portions of three sides, on Park, Tremont, and Boylston Streets, have 
been trimmed off to enlarge the areas of these highways, the last 
slice being taken from the Tremont and Boylston Street sides in 1920. 
Handsome trees and broad walks have been permanent features of 
the Common for many years. It is still used as a training field by 
the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company (1637), who an- 
nually go through their manoeuvres on the Parade Ground on the 
Charles Street side, and by the Boston School Regiment, who have 
their May trainings upon it. The surface of the southern portion 
has recently been raised and leveled, the Common benefiting from 
the George Parkman fund for the upkeep of the city parks. It 




PARK STREET CHURCH 



GUIDE -rO BOSTON 



21 



was from tlie Parade (Jrouinl tliat tlie British took hoats for Lex- 
ington an<l Concord in April, 1775, and later assembled forces for 
Bunker Hill. Cows were pastured on the Common as late as 1S30. 
The walk along Trcmont Street is called Ijdfayette Mall. When the 
Sul)way was started in 1895, the mall was bordereil by several rows 
of ancient elms which were in a decadent condition. These were 
remove<l by the building of the Subway. Note the granite build- 
ings at the entrances and exits of the Subway. Also on the opposite 
side of Tremont Street, between ]Vhiter Street and Temple Place, 
St. Paul's Church, the fourth Episcopal church in Boston, dating 
from 1S20. Daniel Webster attended this church, and the remains 
of Prescott, the historian, are burie<l in the crypt. In the east- 
erly corner of the Common oj)iK)>ite Park Street Church is a memo- 
rial tablet to William 
Blackstone, Boston's 
first settler, and the 
Brewer Fountain is 
now just back of the 
Subway exit. 

About halfway be- 
tween West and Mason 
Streets, in the green 
facing Tjfifdi/rtfe Mall, 
is the Crispus Attucks 
Monument, bv KolxTt 
Kraus, erected by the '^"'^' ^«"^' ''^^^'^ 

State in ISSS to commemorate the Boston Massacre of 1770; an<l 
near it is one of the old "Paddock elms." 

In Mason Street, entered just to the south of the Crispus Attucks 
Monument, is the second home in Boston of the Harvard ]\Iedical 
School. The building on the easterly side of the street, next to the 
rear entrance of the Boston Theater, and occupied in the lower 
storj' by the fire department as an engine house, was erected in 
1815 for the Me<lical School, and was occupied by the school until 
1847. Upstairs an<I in the adjoining building the rooms of the 
Boston School Committee have l)een for fifty years. They are to be 
moved to 15 Beacon Street soon. The Boston Theater, which was 
first opened to the public in 185 1, was in its day the finest and largest 
theater in the country, and even now can hold its own in point of 
size and acoustic pro[)erties. The stage is 100 x 96 feet, and the 
auditorium seats 3037 people. "The Rivals" was the opening play, 
given by an excellent cast. Among the famous men and women seen 
on this stage, John Gilbert, Edwin Forrest, Edwin Booth, Charlotte 




22 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



Ciishman, Clara Louise Kellogg, Ole Bull, Clara Morris, Joseph 
Jefferson, Adelaide Phillips, and Carlotta Patti are the most noted. 

On one corner of Boi/lstmi and Tremont Streets is the Masonic 
Temple (1S9S), housing thirteen different lodges, and on the op- 
posite corner the Touraine, one of Boston's leading hotels, on the 
site of the mansion house of President John Quincy Adams, and 
the birthplace of his son Charles Francis Adams. The remaining 
_ _^ corner is the Little Office 

Building, on the site of the 
Hotel Pelham, the first 
family hotel in the county, 
huilt and lived in by the 
late Dr. John Homer Dix, 
an early ophthalmologist. 
On the corner of Wash- 
ington and Boi/Iston Streets 
the Continental Clothing 
House (No. 651) is on the 
site of the Boylston Mar- 
ket, one of the two original 
markets of the old town; 
and oj)posite it, on the other 
side of Washington Street, 
in the wall of the building 
on the corner of Essex 
Street, is a stone tablet 
marking the location of 
the Liberty Tree, planted 
in 1646, and cut down by 
the Tories in 1775. When 
cut up it made fourteen cords of wood. A flagstaff was erected on 
the stump of the tree, and the groimtl around it was called "Liberty 
Hall" for many years. Stamp act meetings were held here, and 
Tory leaders hung in effigy. 

The old Central Burying Ground (1756) is on the Boylston Street 
side of the Common. Here are buried Gilbert Stuart, the portrait 
painter, and M. Julien, he of Julien soup fame. Coming from 
France as a refugee from the French Revolution, he kept a famous 
restaurant, called "Julien's Restorator," the first of the sort in the 
town. The Army and Navy Monument is on the hill nearly in the 
center of the Common. It was erected by the city in 1877, and is 
the work of Martin Milmore. At the foot of this hill, to the east, 
stood the " Great Elm," which was thought to be older than the 




THE LONG PATH 
BOSTON C03IM0N 



(JL'IDK TO BOSTON 



23 



;iM<i 


|)ir;it('s wrrc liim-^. 


It w; 


IS Idowii 


r\ 


i' •-:'• \ ■■• ^ 


' II 


friiin a 



town. From its limhs witclics 
(K)\vn in a windstorm l-'chrii; 
slioot ami an iron tal>K't 
now mark tlu' site. 

On the easterly side of 
Moinnneiit Hill is tlie 
Frog Pond, a shallow j)<)ol, 
tlie survivor of a marshy 
l)og which fonnerly oeeu- 
l)ie<i tills ground. The 
ehildren sail their hoat^ 
here in the summer and 
skate in winter. Latterl\ 
tiie hoys liave been ])er- 
mitte<l to l)athe in tin 
pond. "The Long Path," 
which runs from .hifi 
Street to lioylston Street, 

is made immortal in Dr. Holmes's ".\utocrat ( 
Tahle." On the southerlv si<le of the hill is tlu 




Hi, 



SHAW MONUMENT 



the Breakfast 
Parkman Band 
Stand where concerts are j^iven and si)ee<-hes made u|)on occasion. 

One of the finest |)ieces of out<loor sculi)ttn-e in the city is 
the Colonel Robert Gould Shaw Memorial (lS<)7j on the liedenn 
Street Mall, faciiii,' the State House. The larjje hronze tablet in hi^h 

relief, representing Colonel 
Siiaw mounted at the hea<l 
(»f his colori'd trooj)s, is 
tlie Work of Augustus St. 
(iaudens. and the architect 
of the elaborate stone set- 
tin<,' was Charles V. McKim. 
There is an inscription by 
President Kliot, an«l also 
\ crses by Lowell and Emer- 
son. The residence of John 
Hancock, the first si^Mier of 
the Declaration of American 
Independence, and first 
p)vern()r of Massachu.setts 
under the State Ccmstitu- 
tion, stood oj^posite to the 
Shaw Memorial on the site mimbered 29 lieaenn Street. See the tablet 
on the ir(jn fence in front of the newly laid-out State House groinids. 




TiiF. JOHN iiwrorK HOUSE 



24 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



The State House (1795), with its gilded dome, stands at the top 
of a broad sweep of granite steps on Beacon Hill. It occupies the 
cow pasture of the Hancock estate. The historic Bulfinch Front 
was designed by Charles Bulfinch, and was the Massachusetts State 
House until 1853, when an addition to the Mt. Vernon Street side 
was built. The Bulfinch Front of brick is now painted to match 
the white marble of the new wings. The State House Annex, the 
portion of the building extending back to Derne Street, crossing 
Mt. Vernon Street by an arch, was built on the site of the old stone 
reservoir in 1889. The dome was first gilded in 1874, and of late 
years it has been illuminated at night by rows of electric lights. 
The construction of the east and west wings was begun in June, 
1914, and only recently finished and the grounds laid out anew. 




STATE HOUSE 

In the State House are the headquarters of the Board of Regis- 
tration in Medicine and the State Department of Health. As re- 
gards the Board of Registration in Medicine, Massachusetts has 
adopted a single standard for registration. All graduates of medical 
colleges which give a full four-year course are eligible for examina- 
tion by the board. Members of the board are appointed by the 
Governor, each serving for a term of seven years. No medical 
society may be represented on the board by more than three of its 
members. The board examines candidates whose medical acquire- 
ments have been found satisfactory, registers those who have 
passed the examinations, conducts hearings upon complaints of 
illegal or unprofessional conduct of physicians, and maintains a 
bureau of information relating to physicians. Regular examina- 
tions are conducted in March, May, July, September, and No- 
vember, and special examinations when required. 

The Massachusetts Department of Public Health, the oldest 
State Department in the country, having been founded in 1869, 



GUIDE TO noSTOX 25 

has its lieadquarters at tlie State House where most of the divisions 
are situated. Tlie Board of Healtli was reorganized witli enlarged 
powers in 1886, and again in 111 14 wlien the present sohenie with a 
commissioner and public health council was adoj^ted. The biologic 
laboratories are in Forest Hills, the Wassennann Laboratory at the 
Harvard Medical School, the Arsj)henamine factory in Brookline, 
the Experhnent Station at Lawrence, and the four state tuberculosis 
sanatoria at Lakeville, North Reading, Rutland, and Westfield, 
respectively. 

The Department consists of a Commissioner with a Public Health 
Council of six members; eight <livisions, each in charge of a Director; 
and seven District Health Officers, representing the Commissioner 
in the field, but for administration purposes place<l under one of 
the divisions. These district health officers as their chief function 
serve as advisers to the boards of health of the different cities and 
towns. 

In this State, the Department of Public Health is largely an ad- 
visory body, though there are certain exceptions to this rule. For 
example, the Department has charge of the licensing of all dispensa- 
ries in the State; and all hospitals taking cases of connnunicable 
disease conform to the standards laid down by the I)ei)artment. 
The Division of Food and Drugs enforces the general and special 
food and <lrug laws, the milk laws relating to adulteration, the 
state cold-storage laws, and a portion <»f the laws relating to slaugh- 
tering. The examination of samples of water from the water sup- 
plies of the State and of samples of sewage is made by the Division 
of the Water and Sewage Laboratories. The Division of Engineer- 
ing makes special studies of sanitary engineering problems and 
advises cities and towns on questions relating to water supi)ly, 
drainage, and sewerage. 

The Division of liiologic Laboratories produces the vaccines and 
antitoxins furnished free to citizens of the Commonwealth, The 
Division of Conununicable Diseases has charge of the epidemio- 
logical work of the Department. It is in this division that the 
district healtli officers are i)laced. The Division of Tuberculosis 
controls the State Sanatoria. The Division of Hygiene is re- 
sponsible for the child hygiene work of the Department, a large 
part of the educational work, and also the efforts directed against 
cancer. 

The office of the Commissioner of Public Health, Dr. Eugene 
R. Kelley, is Room 540, State House, Boston. 

The Massachusetts Department of Mental Diseases supervises 
the insane, the feeble-minded, and tlie ei)ileptic. There are about, 



26 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

17,600 insane under care, 3500 feeble-minded, and about 800 sane 
epileptics. The Department of Mental Diseases succeeded the 
State Board of Insanity in 1916, and consists of a Commissioner 
and four associate members appointed by the Governor, the Com- 
missioner, George M. Kline, and two associate members being 
physicians. 

There are at present twelve State institutions caring for the in- 
sane, one institution which cares for the epileptic, both sane and 
insane, two State institutions for the feeble-minded, with a third 
under construction at Belchertown. One institution cares for chil- 
dren of the defective type. There is also a site for a proposed 
Metropolitan Hospital for the insane at Waltham. 

In addition to the above, the Department has under its care pri- 
vate institutions as follows : Thirteen institutions for the insane, 
one for epileptics, six for persons addicted to the intemperate use 
of narcotics or stimulants, and six for the feeble-minded. 

Following is a list of State institutions where the above-named 
classes of patients are cared for, the addresses bein^ added in case 
any visitors wish to inspect the hospitals : — 

STATE HOSPITALS 

Worcester State Hospital. Location, Belmont Street, Worcester, 
\}/2 miles from Union Station (Boston & Albany, New York, New Haven 
& Hartford, and Boston & Maine R.R.). 

Taunton State Hospital. Location, Hodges Avenue, Taunton, 1 mile 
from railroad station (Xew York, New Haven & Hartford R.R.). 

Northampton State Hospital. Location, Prince Street ("Hospital 
Hill"), Northampton, 1^2 miles from the railroad station, reached by 
carriage (Mass. Central & Conn. River branches of Boston & Maine; 
and New Haven and Holyoke, Northampton, branches of the New York, 
New Haven & Hartford^R.R.). 

Danvers State Hospital. Location, IVIaple and Newbury Streets, 
Danvers, 3^^ mile from railroad station. 

Westborough State Hospital. Location, 2)4 miles from Westbor- 
ough station (Boston & Albany) ; 1 mile from Talbot station (New York, 
New Haven & Hartford R.R.). 

Boston State Hospital. Location, East Group, Harvard Street, 
Dorchester, near Blue Hill Avenue. AVest Group, Walk Hill Street, 
about 3^ mile from Blue Hill Avenue. Trolley cars marked " Mattapan." 

Grafton State Hospital. Location on main line of the Boston & 
Albany R.R., between Worcester and Westborough, about 8 miles from 
Worcester, and can be reached by trolley from Worcester or from the 
Westborough or North Grafton stations of the Boston & Albany R.R., 
or from the Lyman Street crossing of the Boston & Worcester electric 
cars. 



(il IDi: TO HOS'lON 27 

Medfield State Hospital. I.(.(;ui(.ii. Asylum Uoad. 1 mil.- Iruin 
Mt.ltiflil .lurutioii niilro.Kl station. 

Gardner State Colony. Location. East (ianliitr. two miniitcs' walk 
from I"]ast (ianlncr iailt<(ail station. 

Monson State Hospital. Location. 1 milr from railroa<l station. 

Foxborough State Hospital. Location. 1 iniU- north of Foxhoroii^h 
Center, ("an \n- nacliid liv trolley from Xor\voo<l or Mansfield. 

Massachusetts School for the Feeble-Minded at Waltham. Lo- 
eatioii, ntar( 'Itiiiatis Brook station ( Fitclilmri: I )i\ ision, Hostoii \: .Maine 
U.U.); ahout 1 mile from Waverley station ( Fitelihiirj; Divisi.ni and 
Sontliem Division. l^)ston ^; Maine). 

Wrentham State School. Location. Enierald Street. Wrentliam. 1 
mile from railroad >talion (Xew York, New Haven c^ Hartford H.H.). 

Mental Wards, State Infirmary, Tewksbury. Location, ahont '2 
mile from railroad anil from electric cars, ("oaclifron) infirmary nieet.s 
most of the trains. 

Bridgewater State Hospital. Location. ' 4 mile from railroad sta- 
tion 'Titiciit). (.\ew ^ork. New Haven c^ Hartford H.IM. 

Boston Psychopathic Hospital. Location. 74 Kenwood Hoad. Bos- 
ton; reached hy South Huntin^'ton .\vemie or Chestnut Hill ear lines 
from I'ark .Street Snhway .Station. 

On the liij,dicst of the three oriuiiial |)caks of Beacon hill, risinj: to 
the rear and north of the Bullinch Front, tiie Beacon, from whic-h the 
hill takes its nanic, was erected soon after l(»o(). to warn the country 
of danger. It consisted of an iron skillet, filled with coinl)Ustii>les. 
suspended from a mast. An Independence Monument, the first in 
.\merica, desij^r.ed hy Hulfincji, was erected on the site of the IJeacon 
in IT'.K), and in ISII. when the peak was leveled, this momnnent 
was destroyed, only the tablets and the gilded wooden eagle which 
surmounted it hcing jjreserved. The i)resent monument, a rcjjro- 
diiction of the Hulfinch one. was erected Ly tiic iiunker Hill Monu- 
ment Association in ]S\)S, as nearly as p()ssil)lc on the -^it<' of the 
original beacon. 

In front of the State Hou.se are the statues of Horace Marm, by 
Fnuua Stebbins, on the south side, an<l Daniel Webster, by Hiram 
Powers. (»n the north side I-'arther away, on the lirnron Sfrrrf side. 
is the ccjuestrian statue of Major-(Jeneral .Jo.sci>h Hooker, by I). ('. 
French, the hearse by E. C. Potter. The statue on the lawn near the 
momnnent is that of Major-dencral Charles iVvens, by Oliu L. 
Warner. The entrance hall in the Ibdfiiich l-'roiit is Doric Hall. 
Note tiie statues of Washington and (iovcrnor .lohn .\. Andrew. 
and the bra.ss cannon cai)tured in the War of IS 1 2. 

The historical i)aintings in the Grand Staircase Hall are to be 
note<l, also an excellent bronze statue by Bela L. Pratt representing 



28 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

an army nurse supporting a wounded soldier with an inscription to 
the army nurses of the Civil War. In the marble Memorial Hall 
are the battle flags carried by the Massachusetts Volunteers in the 
Civil War, and mural paintings by H. O. Walker and Edward 
Simmons. 

In Representatives' Hall see the historic codfish suspended op- 
posite the Speaker's desk. This is a reproduction of the wooden 
codfish, ''emblem of the staple of commodities of the Colony and the 
Province," which hung from the ceiling of Representatives' Hall in 
the Old State House on Washington Street. 

In the State Library in the State House Annex is the famous 
Bradford Manuscript, the ''History of Plimoth Plantation," the 
so-called "Log of the 'Mayflower,'" by Governor William Brad- 
ford. This was found in the library of the Bishop of London's palace 
at Fulham, and was returned to the Commonwealth in 1897, through 
the efforts of Senator Hoar of Massachusetts, and the Hon. Thomas 
F. Bayard, ambassador at the Court of St. James. On the south 
side of the State House is Hancock Street. At No. 20 was the 
home of Charles Sumner, the successor of Daniel Webster in the 
United States Senate. A statue of him is on the Public Garden. 

The Boston Athenaeum (1807), recently remodeled, is at 10}4. 
Beacon Street, east side, just below Park Street. It is a library of 
over two hundred and eighty thousand volumes, including George 
Washington's library and many rare books. It was formerly an art 
gallery as well, many of its valuable works of art now being at the 
Museum of Fine Arts on Huntington Avenue. It is virtually a club, 
with smoking-room, tea room, children's room, etc. The general 
reading room on the fifth floor is architecturally very fine. Most of 
the medical books were transferred to the Boston Medical Library 
several years ago. 

The Congregational House and the Unitarian Building are close 
at hand on Beacon Street. In Ashburton Place (No. 15) is the Ford 
Memorial (Baptist), and at No. 9 the new building of the New 
England Historic Genealogical Society (1844), where there is a valu- 
able library of more than one hundred and fifty thousand volumes 
and one hundred thousand pamphlets, comprising the best-known 
collection of biographies, genealogical works, also histories, and 
many rare manuscripts and relics. The imposing building on the 
corner of Somerset Street is the Boston City Club where many public 
dinners are held. 

Somerset Street leads us from Beacon Street to Pemberton Square, 
by the first turn on the right, where the present County Court House 
(1887) is situated. John Cotton's house (1633) stood on the southeast 



GlIDK TO HOSroX 



29 



sido uf the S(|u:in' lu'ar tlic ontrancc from Scollay Sciuaiv. Next to 
it was Sir Harry Vane's house wlien he was governor of the c()h)ny 
in l().>r>. The Cotton estate originally covere*! a large part of Pem- 
berton S(iuare, and at one time gave the name of Cotton to the hill. 

The Howard Athenaeum, an old playhouse, on Ilnward Stmt, 
ofT Court, was foimded in 1S4.'), ooeupying on its j)resent site a huild- 
ing once used for the tabernacle of a so-called j)rophet named Miller. 
The theater was opene<I with "The School for Scandal," the partici- 
pants being noted actors and actresses. In 1S40 the buihling was 
burne<I, and the present structure was built in the same year. Here 
the famous actor William Warren made his debut in "The Rivals." 
The famous Viennoise children 
were also first seen here. The 
house is most noted as being 
the scene of the first pnKluction 
of Italian opera ever given in 
Boston. The company w;i- 
from Havana, and presented 
"Ernani "in 1847. The prestige 
of the theater has gradually 
decline<l, until now the house 
is known only as a variety 
theater. 

ScoUay Square — ^ so calle(l 
because the residence of William 
Scollay (INOO) stood on the site 
»jf the old Boston ^lusemn. 
No. bS Tremont Street — is 
formed i)y the jimction of Court an<l Trrniont Strrct.'i. Running 
out of the Scpuire. besides Court and Tremont Streets, are Cornhill, 
Pemherton Square, and Brattle Street. This is one of the great centers 
of traffic. Below the surface are the Tremont Street Subway, the 
Cambridge Street Subway, and the termimis of the East Boston 
Tunnel. The Scollay S(|uare Subway entrance is the site of the 
First District Writing School, erected in l(is|. enlarged in 171.") and 
17.');;, and close<l in \7\H). 

Cornhill (1816) was always a street of bookshops, and was origin- 
ally called "Cheapside," after the London street. About midway 
on the north side is a narrow alley called Franklin Avenue, leading 
to Brattle Street. On the east corner of FrauL-lin Avenue and Cor7i- 
hill was the printing office of James Franklin, where Benjamin 
Franklin learned the printer's trade as his brother's apprentice. 
Here lie composed and printed the ballads on "The Lighthouse 




FH WKI.IN S PMESS 



30 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

Tragedy" and on "Teach" (or "Blackbeard"), the pirate, which 
he peddled about the streets. 

Opposite the Brattle Square end of Franklin Avenue was Murray's 
Barracks, where were quartered from 1768 to 1770 the most ob- 
noxious of the British regiments — the Twenty-Ninth. Here the 
trouble began which ended in the Boston Massacre. 

The Quincy House, a hotel on Brattle Street, is on the site of the 
first Quaker Meeting-House (1697), the first brick church in the 
town. On the opposite side of the street was the Brattle Square 
Church (1773) (Unitarian), razed in 1871, which bore in its front 
wall a cannon ball as a memento of the siege of Boston. This cannon 
ball is now preserved in the rooms of the Massachusetts Historical 
Society, corner of Boylston Street and The Fenway. A portion of the 
stonework of this church is incorporated in the tower of its successor, 
bought by the First Baptist Society, at the corner of Commonwealth 
Avenue and Clarendon Street. (See cut on page 51). 

Adams Square, in Washington Street, at the foot of Cornhill and 
Brattle Street, is decorated by a bronze statue of Samuel Adams, by 
Anne Whitney. It represents him as he is supposed to have ap- 
peared as chairman of the committee of the town meeting the day 
of the Boston Massacre, when he went before Lieutenant-Governor 
Hutchinson and the Council in the Council Chamber of the Old 
State House, near at hand. 

The easterly part of Adams Square merges into Dock Square, 
which was at the head of the old Town Dock. Faneuil Hall (1763), 
the "Cradle of Liberty," is on made land at the margin of the dock, 
The Adams Square Station of the Subway is not far off, and it is 
a short walk from the Old State House, through Exchange Street. 
The Hall is now used for public meetings of all kinds. It is main- 
tained by the city, and no rent is charged for its use. 

The original building was given to the town of Boston as a market 
house by Peter Faneuil (pronounced fan el) (1700-1743), whose 
mansion was on Fremont Street opposite King's Chapel Burying 
Ground. The building was of brick, and substantial, and was com- 
pleted only a few months before Faneuil's death. It was one hun- 
dred feet long, forty feet wide, and two stories high, and the hall, 
which was an afterthought of the donor, held one thousand persons. 
The building was burned in 1762, and was reconstructed at once 
by the town, the old walls being used in the new one. The first 
public meeting in this hall was held March 14, 1763, when the 
patriot, James Otis, consecrated it to the cause of Liberty. Before 
the Revolution the historic town meetings were held in the hall to de- 
bate "justifiable resistance" and the rights of the colonists. During 



GUIDE TO BOSTOX 



31 



the siege of Boston tlie hall was transformed into a phiyhouse by 
the British. Since the Uevohition it has been the popuhir meeting 
place of citizens on important occasions, and the home of free 
speech. Daniel \Vel)ster, Wendell Phillips, and Charles Snmner 
spoke here. In 180.") the building was remo<leled l)y the architect, 
Charles Bulfinch, when it was d<)uble<l in width and made a story 
higher, and in , 
ISU.S it was rc- 
constnicte<l with 
fireproof material 
on the Bulfincii 
plan. 

.\ market has 
iicen maintaine<l 
in the groun<l 
floor and base- 
ment from the be- 
ginning. Across 
the street is the 
long granite 
Quincy Market, 
built during the 
administration of 
Mayor .b.^nh 
(Quincy in ISl'."). 

There is a fine 
collection of por- 
traits in Faneuil 
Hall, notably the 
full-length Washington 
Faneuil; Webster's Reply to Ilayne. by (J. P. A. Ilealy; and the 
"war gcnernor," John A. Andrew, by William M. Hunt. 

The gilded grasshopper on the cui)()la of the buihling is the re- 
juvenate<l one of 1742, fashioned by "Deacon" Shem Drowne, who 
was mimortalized by Hawthorne in "Drowne's Wooden Image." 
Drowne's shop was hard by. The Ancient and Honorable Artillery 
Company (1C37) have occupied the rooms over the hall for many 
years. Here is a museinn of relics of Revolutionary, Provincial, 
and Colonial times. Open urrk daj/ft, 9 a.ju. to 4 p.m. Free. 

Passing through E.vcli(nif/r Sfrnt from Dock Square brings us to 
the lower end of the Old State House, which stands in the middle 
of the street at the head of State Street, formerly King Street. The 
first Town House, a wooden structure, was built on this site in lGo7, 




FANEUIL HALL 



by (iilbert Stuart; the jiortrait of Peter 



32 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 




and was destroyed by fire in 1711. The second Town and Province 
House (1712), on the same site, was burned in 1747, its walls only 

II being preserved, and these are 

the walls of the present build- 
^^ ing. It has been used as Town 

.^ H^ House, as Province Court 

House, Court House, State 
House, and City Hall. It was 
restored in 1882 to its original 
appearance, after being used 
for business purposes. The 
lion and unicorn which orna- 
ment its eastern end are new 
and faithful reproductions of 
the original ones which were 
destroyed during the Revolu- 
tion. The architecture of the 
building has not been changed, 
except to make entrances and 
exits to the basement for the 
Subway and East Boston 
Tunnel. There is a window 
of twisted crown glass in the 
second story, out of which all the later royal governors of the 
province and the early governors of the Commonwealth looked. 
The eastern room on the second floor was the Council Chamber, 
and the western room the Court Chamber, the Hall of the Repre- 
sentatives being between the two. The Bostonian Society has a 
collection of antiquities and relics in tlu^ up])er stories. The 
building has been preserved by 
the City as a historical monu- 
ment since 1882. It is open 
daily from 9 a.m. to 5 jJ-f^i-y /'■^^• 
State Street Square, the por- 
tion of the street toward which 
the Old State House faces, 
together with the site of the Old 
State House, were originally the 
public marketstead in early 
colonial days. Here were placed 
the stocks, whipping-post, and 
pillory, and this was the gathering-place of the populace. On the 
evening of March 5, 1770, occurred the Boston Massacre, so-called, 



THE ULD .STATE liOL^E 
AND SCENE OF BOSTON MASSACRE 




COUNCIL CHAMBER 
OLD STATE HOITSE 



GUIDK TO BOSTON 



33 



when the sokliers shot down tlie peoi)le, and tlio first blood of the 
Revohition was slie<l. Tliree were killetl and two mortally wounded, 
'i'he site is marked hy a tablet on the wall at the corner of Exchange 
Street. Observe the circular arrangement of the paving stones in the 
street opposite the tablet marking the spot. Note the inscription 
on No. 27 State Street, the Hrazer Building, marking the site of the 
first meeting-house (lO.')!*). At No. 28 was the Royal Exchange 
Tavern in Provincial days, the starting place for the first stage 
coach from Boston to New York. 

The tall granite Boston Stock Exchange Building (at No. 53), farther 
ilown the street on the rigiit-hand side. c(»\('rs the >^itc of rrovernor 




BOSTON' STOCK P:XCIIAXGE 

Winthrop's first house, and at the corner of Kilhi/ Street stoo<I the 
Bunch of Grai)es Tavern, a celebrated iim in provincial times. 

At the corner of IjuHa Street is the United States Custom House 
(1847) with its recently constructe<l five-hundrcd-foot oflicc-building 
tower to be seen from afar. The view from its upper stories, reached 
by elevators, is very fine. A little farther along is Custom House Street, 
where is the Old Custom House (Nos. 14 to 20), in which Bancroft, 
the historian, an<l Nathaniel Hawthorne served as collector and 
customs officer, respectively. The buihling is now a story higher 
and is occupie<l as a stable. "()1<1 Custom House" is cut in the 
granite of the facade. 



34 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



Long Wharf (1710) is at the foot of State Street. Here the royal 
governors made their formal landings, and the British soldiers 
came and went. 

At right angles to State Street is the waterside street, Atlantic 
Avenue, nearly on the hne of the ancient "Barricado," an early 
harbor defense, erected in 1673 between the north and south points 
of the ''Great Cove." Going to the north a short distance from 
Long Wharf we come to old T Wharf (No. 178), a part of the Barri- 
cado, the headquarters of the fishing industry of Boston, previous 
to its removal to Boston Fish Pier, South Boston, foot of B and C 
Streets. The wharf is so named because of its original shape. 




UNITED STATES CUSTOM HOUSE 



THE SOUTH END 

THE term "South End" lias liad ditTerent meanings at tUlTer- 
ent i)erio<ls in the history of Boston. At one time the 
l)resent site of the Oki South Chureli, now in the heart of 
the business seetion, was considered to be in this district. As 
business encroaclie<l, tlie nortlierly limits of the South End have 
been pusIrhI farther and farther to the south. Eor our purpose the 
South End is consi<lered to comprise that part of the city bounded 
on the north by Eliot and Kmrlaml Streets, on the east by the 
South Hay, on the west by Huntington Airnue, and on the south 
by Uoxbury. 

The South End as considered to-day has little of historical inter- 
est when one compares it with the North and West Ends. The only 
part that existe<l in colonial times was the narrow neck of land 
that occupietl the present site of Washingtoyi Street (see map facing 
page 2). Until 1786 this neck was the only way by which carriages 
could enter Boston, and was flankcnl on cither side by large expanses 
of marsh, covered with water at high tide, and calleil respectively 
the South and Hack Hays. 

Near the intersection of Washington and Dover Streets there were 
forts that connnande<l this causeway from early colonial times imtil 
the Revolution. During the Revolution there were British and 
colonial fortifications at either end of this neck. At a little later 
time the region near Dover Street was the site of a number of brick- 
yards, and here was the gallows for many years. 

With the exception of Washington Street, the whole region is of 
relatively recent origin, and was, like the Back Bay, reclahne<l by 
filling salt marshes. The reclahning of the lowland that extended 
along the sides of Washington Street began in the thirties, and was 
completcil in the sixties of the last century. It was expected that 
this region would become the "court end" of Boston, and in the 
fifties and sixties so many fine mansions were built about the small 
parks and squares of the South End that its future was supposed 
to be assure<l. About 1870, however, fashion began to forsake the 
South End for the newer Back Bay region. This exodus, once 
starte<l, was followed and hastene<l by the encroachment of fac- 
tories and small shops, and by a very considerable influx of people 
of foreign birth. These changes have been most complete on the 
east of this district, which has become one chiefly of small shops, 
humble homes, tenements, and lodging houses. That part of the 

33 



36 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



South End that borders the Back Bay has been, and still is the 
*' student quarter " of Boston, 

The main thoroughfare is Wasliington Street. Shortly after enter- 
ing this street at the northerly edge of this district, we come, on the 
left, to Bennet Street. Here is situated the Boston Dispensary, the 
oldest medical charity in Boston. This institution, which was 
founded in 1796, is the third of its kind in the country. The idea 
was to give gratuitous medical treatment to the worthy sick, either 
at their homes or at the dispensary physician's office. For many 

years the office of the 
apothecary was at No, 
92 Washington Street, 
where hung, as a sign, a 
crude representation of 
the Good Samaritan, 
now to be seen in the 
dispensary. 

This plan of seeing 
patients in their homes, 
or at the physician's 
office, was followed out 
until 1856, Oliver Wen- 
dell Holmes, when a 
dispensary physician in 
1837, urged upon the 
managers the importance of establishing a considting room. In 1856 
a building, occupying the site of the present dispensary, was secured, 
and since that time the work has been divided between the central 
station, which is like that of an ordinary out-patient department, 
and the district visiting, in which visits are made at the homes of 
patients. For this latter purpose the poorer parts of the city are 
divided into seven districts, each one of which is under the care of 
a dispensary physician, who is accompanied on his visits by a 
nurse appointed and paid by the Instructive District Nursing 
Association, incorporated in 1888. The nurse spends the whole 
of the day looking after the new and old patients in her district. 

The main part of the present building was erected in 1883, and 
enlarged in 1900. In 1912 the Hospital for Children was opened, 
consisting of a ward of 26 beds, which is situated on the fourth floor 
of the main building. In 1920 the total number of children cared 
for was 892. There were 152,402 visits made at the central station 
by 42,000 individuals, while the district physicians made about 7000 
calls. The dispensary has a staff of about 134 physicians, 




Dr. M. D. Miller, Photo. 

BOSTON DISPENSARY 



GVIDV: '[{) IJOSroN 37 

('oiitiiiuiii^ out Washington Street, one cmnes, at (Uistle Street, to 
the place wliere tlie superstructure of tlie Elevated Road branches 
to the east. At present the west branch is not used. Here is situ- 
ate<i, on the ri^dit. the Wells Memorial Institute, the headquarters 
of the Central Labor Union and a lar^a- mnnbcr of trade iniions. 
This institution provides for instruction in trades and domestic 
arts, and furnishes a meeting-place for various orj::anizations. 

Farther south on Wdshington Street one finds, on the ri^jht, 
W'ultimm Street. Here, at No. 41, is the Washingtonian Home, an 
institution for the care and treatment of male alcoholics. It has 
accommcxiations for about 50 patients. 

On the left from Washington Street at 14 Ixollins Street, is the 
South End Branch of the Boston Lying-in Hospital, where students 
of the IIar\anl Mctjical School rc-idc while they are carinj,' for their 
obstetrical cases in this district, under the supervision of the i)hysi- 
cians of the Hospital. 

On the left of W'dshiiKjtnn Street, at the corner t)f Maiden- Street, 
is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, a large and imj)osing stone 
stnictiire. This is the largest Catholic church in New England, 
and is the liea<l(iuarters of the arclnliocese. In front of the cathe- 
dral is a bronze statue of Christopher Columbus, by Alois Buycns. 

Beyond this point such cross streets as contimie the same name 
on both sides of Washingt/m Street, have the prefix "East" addetl 
to that i)art at the left, and "West" to that on the right. 

At liroohline Street one comes to two oj)en s(|uares — Franklin 
on the left, an<l Blackstone on the right. At the corner of East 
Brookline Street, facing I-'ranklin Sfpiare, is the '* People's Palace " 
of the Salvation Army, which is also the hcadcpiarters for New Eng- 
land. At '202 West Xeieton Street is the Salvation Army Maternity 
Hospital of 36 be<ls. On East Neuion Street is the Franklin Square 
House, a hotel for young working women. It occupies the building 
that was formerly the New England Conservatory of Music; previ- 
ous to that it had been the St. James Hotel. In it is a small hosi)ital. 
Beyond the Franklin Square House is the old, but not particularly 
interesting South Cemetery. 

East Springfirhl Street, which is next beyond Worcester Scpuire, 
is the most direct way to the main entrance of the Boston City 
Hospital, which is situated on Harrison Avenue, one block east of 
Washington Street. A station of the Elevated is one I (lock away at 
Massaehusetfs Amine and Washington Street. 

The Boston City Hospital. An institution which will well repay 
the careful inspection of both the medical an<l lay visitor is the 
City Hospital, To its various departments are admitted cases of 



38 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

acute disease only, or those cases which are capable of being reheved 
in a reasonable time. Clironic cases, except under extraordinary 
conditions, are referred to the Long Island Hospital in Boston Har- 
bor. Since it is a municipal institution, supported by the taxpayers, 
its patients are drawn only from the popidation of Greater Boston. 
Although but half the age of its elder sister, the Massachusetts 
General Hospital, and naturally less rich in traditions and historical 
prestige, the Boston City Hospital has, as might have been expected, 
outstripped it in actual size, and vies with it in friendly and generous 
rivalry in the relief of the sick poor, the promotion x>i medical edu- 
cation, and the increase of knowledge. It is interesting to note that 
the first benefactor of the Hospital, whose bequest had much to do 
with its actual foundation, was undoubtedly impelled thereto by 




BOSTON CITY HOSPITAL 

the remembrance of the older institution, and his realization of the 
need of still fm'ther extending these blessings among the sick poor. 
Elisha Goodnow, an old-time Boston merchant, was the second 
patient admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital imme- 
diately after its foundation, in 1821, where he underwent a successful 
operation for stone at the hands of Dr. Warren. On his death, 
thirty years later, he left the bulk of his estate to the City of Boston 
to establish a free hospital. It was not, however, until 1861 that 
the City Council appropriated additional money and appointed a 
committee to build the new City Hospital. In 1863 the first board 
of trustees was appointed, and in 1864 the hospital was formally 
dedicated. 

The hospital thus founded with 200 beds, tlu-ee services, surgical, 
medical, and ophthalmic, and a staff of 18, has increased in fifty-six 
years to a composite institution affording 1202 beds, and having an 
active staff of 1 14, all under the direction of a single board of trustees 
and administered by a single superintendent. During the year 
1919-20 there were received and treated as in-patients: — Medical 
cases, 3431; Pneumonia cases, 839; Surgical cases, 6566; Gyneco- 
logical and Obstetrical cases, 1269; Ophthalmic cases, 122; Aural 



GUIDE TO BOSTON 39 

an<l Laryngolo^ical cases, 22o3; Neurological cases, SS9; Deniia- 
tological cases, 110; Total, 15,479. There were treated in the Out- 
Patient Department 31,103 persons. The total number of visits 
ma«le was 1 12, !.")('». In tiie patiiological laboratory there were made 
an<l examine<l ~\i')'i cultures and Wassermann tests. The hospital 
ambulances nuule ^)\i'A trips. In all departments about 2')0 female 
nurses are employetl. The gross cost of all departments for the 
year was SI, 004,211). 

The visitor enters by the gate lodge on Harrison Avenue, nearly 
opposite Springfickl Street. This building contains, besides the 
entrance offices, the rooms devote<l to the Medical Out-Patient 
Department. He should now turn to the left and gain a \nnnx 
whence a view of the really hnposing facade of the central Admin- 
istration Building may be obtained. The surgical pavilions are on 
the left, an<l the me<iical pavilions on the right. This group con- 
stitutes the origiiud buildings. They are after the French Renais- 
sance in general style and fashionetl on a generous and ambitious 
scale, the central one in j)articular recalling classic models. In the 
j)ortico, with its cohnnns and ])etliment sunnountetl by a dome 
one hundreil and ft)rty-eight feet in height, there is a certain resem- 
blance to St. Peter's at Rome, an<l the approach across a broad, 
«)l)en lawn and garden is in keei)ing with the dignity of the whole. 

.\sccn<iing the wide stone ste|)s, the visitor enters the Adminis- 
tration Building. On the left are executive offices; on the right the 
l>rivate ollices of the Sui)erinten<lent and Resident Physician, Dr. 
J. J. Dowling. On the secon<l floor are the offices of the Superin- 
tendent of Nurses, an<l the Social-Service Department, an<l above 
these is the now unuse<l amphitheater under the <l()me. Turning 
to the left we cross an open corri<lor and enter the Surgical Building, 
and gain access to the operating theater by a door on the right. 
Here is a large amphitheater, circular in form, constructed entirely 
of nuirble, terazzo, steel, and glass, capable of seating two hundred 
persons. On the wall facing the seats is a bronze bas-relief of the 
first \'isiting Surgeon of the Hospital, the late Dr. David W. Cheever. 
Conveniently situate<l are etherizing, recovery, and surgeons' con- 
sulting rooms. Passing through the farther door, we find the steriliz- 
ing and instrument rooms, all mo<Jern in e(iui[)ment and design. 
Opening from the long corridor beyond are five small operating 
rooms, with north light and complete in constniction and furnish- 
ings necessary for the most exacting aseptic surgical work. At the 
farther end of the corridor are small recovery wards for the recep- 
tion of patients after operation. The visitor should now descend 
to the floor below and see the four completely equipped accident 



40 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 




BOSTON CITY HOSPITAL 
SURGICAL OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT 



rooms and two casualty wards, where cases can be cared for until 
they are in a condition to be transferred to the regular wards without 
disturbing the other patients. Here also are several bathrooms 
with set-tubs designed especially for the immediate treatment of 
cases of insolation, which, surprising as it may seem, are only too 
common in Boston in July and August. In a side corridor, off the 
Accident Room Corridor, is the recently established Blood Labora- 
tory, where investigations 
in the Diseases of the 
Blood are being carried 
out, under the direction of 
one of the Medical Staff. 
Time will be saved if we 
now leave this building by 
the Accident Door and 
cross the short interven- 
ing space to the Surgical 
Out-Patient Building, 
where are housed also 
the departments for the 
treatment of diseases of 
the eye, ear, throat, nervous system, and diseases of women. 
This building is five stories in height, and designed especially for 
handling large numbers of out-patients as conveniently and expedi- 
tiously as possible. In it are also the Departments of Vaccine 
and Serum Therapy, of Physical Therapeutics and Massage, and 
an office of the Social-Service Department. 

The visitor should now return by the Accident Door and the 
stairway to the surgical corridor and inspect the three old-fashioned, 
but attractive, wards of the original surgical pavilion. Returning, 
he should leave by the door which originally admitted him to the 
surgical corridor, turn to the left, and reach a two-storied brick 
building containing two surgical wards, W and X, which are models 
in respect to the most approved construction and furnishing. On 
the way he has passed, on the left, a cheaply constructed ward of 
corrugated iron and wood, which was built in the days when hos- 
pital gangrene and sepsis made it seem advisable to build temporary 
structures only, to be torn down after a few years and replaced by 
new ones. 

Returning now to the Administration Building, the visitor should 
enter the annex behind it, which contains the Library of more than 
three thousand volumes, clinical record rooms, etc. He may be 
interested to examine the kitchen immediately below, very modern 



(iiiDK TO ijosrox 41 

and coiiiplctc in every resju'ct and iH-rtVctly ventilattMl. Ik-liiiul 
this apiiii is tlie laiiiulry, ('(niii)j)ed with hilxn'-saving devices 
which care for an avera<^e of one hundred thousand pieces per 
week . 

We uuist now return to tlie Administration nuildinj,'. turn to tlie 
left and again to the riglit, and visit the luedical wards, six in num- 
ber, groupe<I in a general way like those we have already seen. The 
general features are the same, and no description is necessary. The 
two wards devote<l to the gynecological services are on the third 
floor and include a sei)arate operating room and adjuncts. Those 
on the first and second floors are at i)resent occupied hy the Special 
Pneumonia Service. Passing hack along the open-air passageway 
toward the rear of these hiiildings, we pass Wards T and ^^ the 
newest and most attractive in the hospital, in the basement of 
which is the X-ray department. This has an entrance upon the 
Hospital yard for the use of Out-Patients. In the past year the 
total nimiber of negatives ma<le was 27,211. 

Beyt)nd this l)uilding are two recently rebuilt pavilions, formerly 
of cheaj) wootl construction, now largely of brick and improved in 
many ways. Kach is of two stories, the first building contains 
Wards A and I, the second Wards E and X (children's wards). At 
the rear of this group is a three-story brick building containing 
Wards K, L, M. consisting largely of single and double rooms, for 
cases rctjuiring segregation «)r restraint. 

Just to the west of this buihling is the Pathological Laboratory 
which is umler the direction of Dr. F. H. Mallory. It contains a 
post-mortem amjjhitheater constructed entirely of metal and ter- 
razzo, cidture rooms, clinical laboratories, special research rooms, 
a i)athological laboratory, storerooms, etc. Attac-hed to it is a 
mortuary where 00 bodies uuiy be preserved by artificial refrigera- 
tion, and a uiortuary cha|)el, simple and <lignified, where funeral 
services may be held. In accordance with the trend of UKKlern 
ideas, much stress has been laid in this hosi)ital ui)on i)athology. 
Since 1891 the j)osition of jjathologist has been held by men who 
have devoted themselves exclusively to the study and teaching of 
this science and to the training of young men. There is at present a 
corps of six men — visiting pathologists, assistants, and internes. 
Men trained here are called to other hospitals and to medical schools 
as teachers. An average of 13.3 autopsies are i)erforme<l every year, 
each of which is worketl up bacteriologically and histologically, and 
LSOO surgical specimens are sttidied. The cabinets contain 7').()()0 
moimted microscopic sections. Among the many valuable con- 
tributions which have been made here to Pathology and Bacteriology 



42 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



may be mentioned two monographs which are based exclusively on 
cases coming to autopsy in this laboratory, namely, the monograph 
on Epidemic Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis, and that on Diphtheria. 
Attention should also be called to shorter papers on such subjects as 
Typhoid and Scarlet Fever. More recently, research work has been 
carried out on Measles, Cirrhosis of the Liver (the latter to deter- 
mine the cause of Acute Yellow Atrophy), and on Dural Endotheli- 
oma. This last study has brought out the fact that in reality, these 
tumors arise from the Arachnoid. The laboratory also has an 
excellent photomicrographic plant. 

At the rear of the Pathological Building are the Office, Mortuary, 
and Laboratory of the Medical Examiner for the southern district of 




BOSTON CITY HOSPITAL 
SOUTH DEPARTMENT (CONTAGIOUS) 

Suffolk County, Dr. Timothy Leary. The building was erected in 
1912 and is a model of its kind. It contains refrigeration chambers 
for 30 bodies, and an excellent autopsy theater and laboratory. 
About 200 autopsies and examinations are performed yearly, on 
medico-legal cases. Here worked Dr. F. W. Draper, the first medical 
examiner for Suffolk under the law creating the system in 1877, 
when the inefficient coroners were abolished. 

Medical Examiners. Massachusetts has a system of medical 
examiners whose duty it is to investigate every case of supposed 
death by violence. Well qualified medical men are appointed by 
the Governor and Council for the term of seven years. Each county 
of the State is divided into districts, and one or more examiners is 
assigned to each district. Suffolk County, in which Boston is situ- 
ated, has two medical examiners and two associate medical examiners. 
It is the medical examiner's duty to view every body supposed to 
have come to a violent death, and if he thinks it necessary to make 



GUIDE TO BOSTON 



43 



a furtlior iiivcsti«,'ation, lie makes an autopsy, first having obtained 
consent of tlie district attorney. 

Tlie nie<li<al examiner is required to give expert testimony in 
court if tliere is need, and he lias to make an annual report to the 
Secretary of the Commonwealth of the records of all violent deaths. 
The North Grove Street Morgue is the headquarters of the northern 
district of Suffolk County, and the City Hospital Morgue for the 
southern district. 

There still remains to be visited one of the most notable depart- 
ments of the hospital — that tlevoted to contagious diseases, the 




'iiM^mt 



NURSES HOME 
BOSTON CITY HOSPITAL 



South Department, so-called. This group of buildings constitutes 
practically a separate hospital, though under the same trustees and 
superintendent. The visitor should leave the grounds of the hos- 
pital proper by the entrance lodge, visiting if he desires, the two 
fine buildings devote<l to the Nurses' Home, where is housed the 
second training school in point of age in the United States. He 
shouUl now turn to the left and cross Massachusetts Avenue diag- 
onally to the entrance of the South Department. Here are seven 
buildings, of l)rick with marble trimmings, in style after the Federal 
peritxl of architecture. The central A<lministration Building is 
devote<l to the executive offices and private office of the Physician 
for Infectious Diseases, Dr. Edwin H. Place. On either hand is a 
pavilion, one devoted entirely to cases of Scarlet Fever and the 
other to Dij^htheria. Each pavilion is one hundred and sixty feet 
long, and each fioor is divided by transverse corridors into four 



44 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

sections. These corridors are entirely open at either end, so that 
every floor is thus divided into four complete isolating wards, each 
ward separated from the others by the open air. In the two pavilions 
there are sixteen such wards, each accommodating from 4 to 8 beds. 
To these has been added a third similar pavilion, the lower story of 
which is used for Measles, the upper for Whooping Cough cases. 
The building has recently been remodeled to provide separate rooms 
for the complete isolation of each patient. At the north end of 
each floor is an open-air loggia, with ornamental ironwork, and at 
the south end is a large semi-octagonal ward with many windows, 
constituting a solarium for convalescents. The inside finish through- 
out is of glazed brick, with terrazzo flooring. There are separate 
stairways and dumb-waiters for each story — in other words, there 
is no direct communication between stories, without the necessity 
of first going outdoors. Small observation wards on each floor af- 
ford opportunity to study cases before the diagnosis has become 
certain. A nurses' home, laundry, and domestic building complete 
this group. The visitor who is especially interested in the treat- 
ment of contagious diseases is advised to spend some time in the 
South Department, for its widespread reputation justifies us in 
saying that this is the finest contagious hospital in our country. 
Here the mortality from Diphtheria has been reduced by the aid of 
antitoxin and the best of hygienic conditions from fifty-four per 
cent to eight per cent. The hospital now affords 340 beds, but is 
frequently overcrowded. 

To meet the demand for a branch in the down-town district, 
where prompt relief could be given to accident or other urgent cases 
occurring in the neighborhood, the Boston City Hospital Relief 
Station was built in 1901. It is situated in Haymarket Square, 
which can best be reached by surface or elevated cars via the Sub- 
way. No especial interest attaches to this branch, save that it is a 
model of its kind. The best of everything that could be obtained 
was used in its construction. It is a brick and sandstone structure, 
three stories in height, with a portico of eight Doric columns. The 
first floor includes the executive offices, waiting rooms, and five 
surgical dressing rooms. On the second floor are three wards of 
8 beds each, two large operating rooms, complete in every detail, 
also instrument and supply rooms. The thu-d floor affords quarters 
for nurses and maids, and the roof may be used as a roof garden for 
either patients or staff. The north end of the first story is entirely 
separated from the rest of that floor and contains an ambulance 
station. The ambulances can drive entirely within an enclosed yard 
where the transfer of the patient can be effected without publicity. 



raiDK TO BOSTON 45 

There were 14.")L! aiiihiilance calls made, ami L'l)7l patients were 
a<linitte(l ilurin^' I'.lL'O. Owiiij; to the «iiftieuhy in traiis|)()rtiii<,' tlie 
seriously sick or iiijiire<I fr(»m Ivist Hoston to Ilayinarket Scpiare or 
the Hospital proper, a similar Ittiildiii^ was erected there in \\)0S, 
called the East Boston Relief Station, with a capacity of 10 heds. 
I)»irinji the year 1!»20, o4') patients were a<lmitte<l. 

With the excej)tion of the main ambulance station and the i)()wtT 
house on Alhany Street and the Convalescent Home, with its four- 
teen acres of lan<l in Dorchester, the nuiin features of the Boston 
City Hosj)ital have now been described. It has been said that one 
index of the intellij^'ence and public si)irit of a connnunity is the way 
in which it i)rovides for its sick poor, and in this respect Boston has 
every reason to be i)roud of her record. 

At ')()1 M(i.'<s(irhit.setts Areniie, between Tirniont Street and Sli(ueiiiiit 
Avenue, is the office of the Instructive District Nursing Association, 
organized in INNS and workin;: with a corps df over 100 visitin<; 
nurses to care for the sick and |)re\-ent <iisea^e in Boston 
families. 

The Washington Market, .\<.. ISS.} W'd.slihuiton Street, is the site 
of one of the Continental fort ilicat ions din-in;; the sicu;e of Boston. 
Beyon<l this, the street is devoid of inteit ■^t. 

Itmtning parallel with Wasliington Street, and to the east of it, 
are Ildrrison Aretiiie an<l AUxniif Street. Iltirrisoii Avenue has little 
of interest until \\v come to Knsf Cuticnrd Street, where we fiu<l the 
Church of the Immaculate Conception, in charge of the Jesuit 
Fathers. At 7(11 Ilnrrisim Avenue is Boston College High School, 
also in charge of the Jesuits. Just op])osite. at No. 7s>«, i> the Home 
for Destitute Roman Catholic Children. 

At No. 77)0 Harrison Avenue is the Out-Patient Department of 
the Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital, to which the visits made 
by out-i)atients in l'.)l!» numbered 47,4S1, It has a visiting staff of 
7*.) members. Farther to the cast, occupying the remainder of the 
block l)oun<le<l by Harrison Avenue, End Concord, AHiani/, and 
Stoughton Streets are the main biiihlings of the Massachusetts 
Homeopathic Hospital, an<l the Boston University Medical School. 
This hospital was incorporated in IS.")."), and has occupie<l its i)resent 
site since 1.S71. It is a general hosj)ital, having ')')9 beds. The main 
building has the administration offices on the first floor, wards on 
the second and thini, and surgical amphitheater on the fourth floor. 
Close by, on East Concord Street, is the Evans Memorial Building 
for Clinical Research and Preventive Medicine, which was erected 
in 1912. In 1910 the Hospital care.l for 10,:ir)7 in-i)atients. On 
Stoughton Street is the Maternity Department, with 150 beds, and 



46 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

near by is the Nurses' Home. The wards of the Hospital are util- 
ized for giving clinical instruction. The Hospital has two con- 
valescent homes. The Hospital for Infectious Diseases is on the 
western slope of Corey Hill in Brighton. The Boston University 
School of Medicine was established in 1873. The following year it 
took over the New England Female Medical College, founded in 
1848. The school has a teaching corps of 75. The number of stu- 
dents in 1919 was 140. In 1918 the school renounced homeopathy, 
and since then has been undenominational. 

At No. 112 Southamjjton Street is the Smallpox Hospital, of about 
25 beds, under the charge of the Boston Health Department. It 
was at this institution that some of the investigations on the etiology, 
pathology, and clinical manifestations of smallpox were conducted 




MASSACHUSETTS HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL 
AND (in center) BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL 

during the epidemic of 1901-2, which resulted in the noted mono- 
graph on smallpox, edited by Dr. W. T. Councilman, of the Harvard 
Medical School. 

To the west of Washington Street and running parallel, are Shaw- 
mid Avenue and Tremont Street. Shaumnit Avenue has nothing of 
interest to the visitor except the Morgan Memorial Chapel, by the 
railroad, where is the People's Forum for the public discussion of 
interesting questions. Tremont Street beyond Castle Street is a wide 
thoroughfare. There are several attractive churches on this street 
between Dartmouth and Worcester Streets, and on West Newton 
Street, between Tremont Street and Shawmut Avenue, is the Girls' 
High School. From Massachusetts Avenue to Roxbury Crossing 
the street is largely one of tenement houses and small shops. On 
Ruggles Street is the Ruggles Street Baptist Church, famed for its 
choir. At the corner of Shawmut Avenue and Camden Street is St. 
Vincent's Orphan Asylum, established by the Catholic Sisters in 
1832. It has 250 beds. 

West of Tremont Street, beginning at Park Square, is Columbus 
Avenue. In Park Square, opposite the site of the old Park Square 



(il IDK TO 1U)ST()X 



47 



Station, wliicli was <:ivrn uj) on tlio foinj)leti()n of tlie present South 
'IVnninal, is tlie Emancipation Group, \)\ Thomas Ball, erected in 
1S7!). coinmenioratinv; the frrein^ of the slaves hy President Lincoln. 
On tile left-hand side of Coltinihiis Airniir is the Armory of the First 
Corps of Cadets, one of the oldest military organizations in the 
country (1741), housed in a granite building on the corner of 
FrrdinntuI Strrrf. On the corner of Berkeley Street one sees on the 
right the People's Temple (Methodist Episcopal). 

On lierkeleij Street, No. 40, l)etween Colintihiis Avenue and Tre- 
motit Street, is the Imilding of the Young Women's Christian Associa- 
tion, and o])posite it, Xo. 41, the new building of the Frankhn Union, 
erected in 1U07-S. This institution, fotnided hy Heiijaniin Frank- 
lin, affords technical e<lucation in evening classes for men antl 
women. The fees charge<l are small. On the corner of Tremont 
Street is Odd Fellows Hall. Off Dartmouth Street, between Warren 
Arentie and Monfyoiiiery Street, are the Boys' Latin and English 
High Schools. On the corner of West Xeuion Street and Colujuhits 
Aretiue is the Union Church (Congregational Trinitarian). On 
Colinnhu.t Areniie, beyon<l Xorfliainiifon Street, is a public play- 
ground, of which Hoston has many. 

Scattered through the South Knd are many eliaritabie institu- 
tions such as homes, day-nurseries, clubs, settlements. One writer 
has sj)(»kcn of the South Kn«l as the "most charitied region in 
( 'iiristendom." 




i.A.\KI,l.\ 



BACK BAY DISTRICT 



THE Back Bay District may be regarded as extending from 
Charles Street below the Common to the Brookhne hne, 
and into the edge of Roxbury where is situated the 
Harvard Medical School group of buildings. It is bounded 
on the south by Boylston Street to Copley Square, and then by 
Huntington Avenue, and on the north by the Charles River. A 
hundred years ago the Back Bay was a beautiful sheet of water, 
beyond which one could see from the Common both Brookline and 
Cambridge. 

In 1814 the Boston & Roxbury Mill Corporation was formed, 
under whose direction dams were built later across the bay for the 
purpose of utilizing the water power. In 1857 the Commonwealth, 
together with the Boston Water Power Company, began filling in 
the bay, and this work went on for thirty years. 

The Public Garden, enclosed by Charles, Beacon, Arlington, and 
Boylston Streets, was set aside as a park in 1859, shortly after the 

filling-in began. It 
had been known 
as Round Marsh, 
was in early days 
a part of the Com- 
mon, and was bor- 
dered by Frog 
Lane, now Boyl- 
ston Street. The 
Public Garden is 
a beautiful park, 
twenty-four acres 
in extent, planted 
with trees of al- 
most every va- 
riety which can 
grow in the New England climate, and the many flower beds dis- 
play all our outdoor plants from early spring to autumn. 

The most notable statue in the Garden, one of the best in the 
city, is the equestrian statue of Washington, by Thomas Ball, that 
faces the Commomcealth Avejiue parkway. On the Beacon Street 
side is the Ether Monument, by J. Q. A. Ward, erected in 1868. 
The latter was the gift of Thomas Lee, in honor of the discovery of 
ether, but it makes no mention of Morton or Jackson, as at that 

48 




H. Shattuck, Photo. 



PUBLIC GARDEN POND 




//. Sh.iltuci, Photo. 

\V \SIII\(iT 



• N ST ATI- K 



CriDK TO BOSTON 49 

time the controversy over tlie 

priority of <iisfovery was still 

warm. Dr. Holmes suggested 

that it l)e inserihed "toe(i)ther." 

Other statues are, at the Charles 

Sfnrt entrance. Edward Everett 

Hale hy Hela Pratt, and on the 

lioyl.ston Strrrt si«ie Charles Sum- 
ner hy Thomas Hall, Colonel 

Thomas Cass by K. 1'. Brooks. 

Wendell Phillips l.y Daniel 

(licster French, and. t"acin<; the 

Arlin^'ton Street ( hurch.a statue 

of W. E. Channing hy Heri)ert 

Adams. At No. N Arliiir/fon 

Sinrf are the offices of that lios- 

t(»n institution, the Atlantic 

Monthly magazine. 

From the (larden the short 

cross streets south of Arlinf/hni ha\e names hegiiming respect i\'ely 

witii the first eight letters of the alphabet. Even heyond Md.s.s-nr/m- 

sitf.s AiTHur, the great thoroughfare leading to Camhridge in one 

direction ami to Dorchester in the other, are Ipsirich, Jrrsri/, and 

Kilnid riKx'k Sirrrts. 

liniron Strtrt is the long street 
nearest tlie river. Many of Bos- 
ton's most beautiful resi<iences 
are on this street, and now, as 
f<)rmerly, it is the home of many 
of her citizens best known in 
the various activities of the city. 
The University Club is at No. 
270, near Kxrtrr Strrrt. It has 
a large meml)ershi|) of college 
uTaduates living in Boston and 
its vicinity. On the corner of 
Mdssnrliiisetis Avenue, and near 
Harvard I^ridge. is the Mt. 
Vernon Church (Congrega- 
lionah. formerly in Ashburton 
ritirr. Opposite at No. 48.3 
i- the Cambridge Apartment 
Building iilled with doctors' 




ETIIEH MONUMENT 



50 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



offices, and just above the corner is another similar building at 
No. 520. At the corner of Beacon Street and Charlesgate East, on 
the riverside, is the site of the old "mill dam" of the Roxbury 
Mill Corporation. One of the poplar trees which bordered Beacon 
Street in the early nineteenth century is still to be seen at No. 591. At 

Charlesgate West, Bay State 
Road leads to the right, 
running along the river- 
bank to Brighton. In its 
lower course it is a favorite, 
abiding place for physicians. 
At No. 217 is the office of 
the Roman Catholic Arch- 
bishop of Boston, while the 
Cardinal's office is around 
the corner at 25 Granhy 
Street. Back of Beacon 
Street is the Esplanade, a 
broad walk and parkway 
next to the river, extending 
from the Charles River 
Dam to the "mill dam." 
It is in charge of the 
Metropolitan Park Divi- 
sion of the State. The Ba- 
sin is patrolled by the park 
police in motor boats, and 
visitors may inspect it in 
launches which run from the flam up as far as Watertown, stopping at 
landings near the foot of Chestnut Street and at Harvard Bridge. 

Marlborough Street starts from the Public Garden, and runs 
parallel to Beacon, to a point where it meets The Fenway, a 
block beyond Massachusetts Avenue. The First Church (Congrega- 
tional Unitarian), at the corner of Berkeley Street, is the descendant 
of the First Church of Christ in Boston, a society established by 
Dudley, Winthrop, and others soon after the founding of the town. 
A statue of Winthrop, by R. S. Greenough, very fittingly stands in 
the churchyard. 

Starting again from the Garden, we look from its principal en- 
trance on Arlington Street down the long tree-lined mall of Com- 
monicealth Avenue. This is Boston's most beautiful street, two 
hundred and twenty feet wide, with a road on either side of the 
parkway. On both sides of the avenue are the homes of prosperous 




THE FIRST CHURCH IN BOSTON 



(UIDK TO BOSTON 



51 



citizens, with \\vrv and tluTc a fine ai)artineiit liousc or hotel. The 
Vendome, at tlie corner of Dartmouth Street, and tlie Somerset, just 
l)eyon<i Md.ssarhti.'ictt.'i Airnfic on Charlesj]jate East, are the most 
noteworthy. At No. 40 is tlie Women's College Club, with a 
menihershij) made up of the pra<luates of ail the women's colleges. 
At No. \')2, across Dartmouth Street from the Hotel X'endome, is the 
fashionable women's Chilton Club. 'J'he Algonquin Club is on 
the opposite side of the 
street, l>etween Exeter and , 

Fa irfield Streets (No. 217). 
Its memhership is com- 
posed largely of i)rominent 
business men. The First 
Baptist Church, with its 
massive Florentine tower, 
at the corner of Clarendon 
Street, is the only church 
on the lower avenue. The 
late II. 11. Kichani^.n was 
the architect. It was 
erected in iSTiJ tt) succc<'d 
the historic meeting-house 
in Brattle Scpiare. and was 
purchase<l by the Ba|)tists. 
Crossing M a. s.sa c h use ff.s 
Arentte, one pa>-c> tlic 
Harvard Club of Boston 
at N... :;74. thr Ho'al 
Puritan at iJ'.X), and Hotel ^^^ 
Somerset at 100. Tiic ^ 
.statue of Leif Ericson by 

Anne Whitney in front of the latter hotel was formerly at Mas- 
{faehii.sett.s Aretme. Ik-yond the bri«lgeover Muddy Uiver is reached 
the growing colony of doctors' offices, near the Kenmore Station 
of the Subway. 

The extension of Commonwealth Arenue to an<l into tlie Brighton 
district is given over largely to the sale of automobiles. At Hlaml- 
ford Street is an imiiortant Jewi.sh synagogue. Temple Adath Israel, 
and farther out, beyond the Cottage Farm Bridge, specifically at 
No, 935, is the large Commonwealth Armory, where < luring the 
great war there was a thoroughly c(iui])p(Ml emergency hosi)ital for 
the efficient and (luifk handling of large nunil)ers of injure<l, should 
the need arise. 




52 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

Next to the south of " the avenue " is Newbvry Street. At No. 4 is 
the St. Botolph Club, its membership being drawn from artists, 
literary and professional men. In its art gallery are displayed 
every winter notable exhibitions of painting and sculpture. Nearly 
opposite the St. Botolph Club is Emmanuel Church (Protestant 
Episcopal). A semi-public hospital for surgical cases is the Des 
Brisay Hospital, of 234 beds, at 38 Newbury Street, established in 
1894. The Boston Library, at No. 114 Newbury Street, is a private 
circulating library, incorporated in 1794. At the corner of Berkeley 
Street is the Central Church (Congregational Trinitarian), beautiful 
without and within. It is the most noteworthy building on the 
street. The architect was R. M. Upjohn. 

On the corner of Newbury Street, at No. 233 Clarendon Street, is the 
rectory of Trinity Church, where Phillips Brooks lived for many years. 

The Art Club, on the corner of Dartmouth and Newbury Streets, 
has a large membership, and holds several exhibitions during the 
year. These exhibitions are usually of the work of many artists, 
while those of the St, Botolph Club are "one man" exhibitions. 
The Horace Mann School for the Deaf is at No. 178. 

At Exeter Street on the first left-hand corner stands the South 
Congregational Church (Unitarian), of which Edward Everett Hale 
was for many years the minister. At the end of the street, on 
Massachusetts Avenue is the Massachusetts Station of the Subway. 

Starting on Boylston Street, from the Public Garden, the Arlington 
Street Church first coimnands our attention. It has a beautiful chime 
of sixteen bells in its tower, and is one of the prominent churches of 
the Unitarian faith. Rev. Paul Revere Frothingham is the minister. 

Almost opposite this church on Boylston Street were the offices 
of the distinguished Drs. Henry Ingersoll Bowditch and Oliver 
Wendell Holmes, for Boylston Street was once preeminently a doc- 
tors' street. At No. 419 Boylston Street is the Warren Chambers. 
This building was built as an office-building for physicians, and is 
the only one of its kind in Boston. It takes its name from the 
Warren family, so long prominent in the medical life of this city. 
In this building is a doctors' central telephone exchange. 

On the northwest corner of Berkeley and Boylston Streets is the 
dignified biulding of the Natural History Society. The Boston 
Society of Natural History was founded in 1831. This building 
was erected in 1864. On the first floor is the library, with about 
forty thousand volumes in the building. There are lecture halls 
and rooms for instruction, as well as carefully arranged and clearly 
labeled ethnological, zoological, geological, and botanical collec- 
tions. On the fourth floor is a magnificent array of birds' nests 



(U'lDK TO P.OSTOX 



.3 




\i. iiisTom- iHi[.r)i\(; 



ami epgs. The muscuin is open dailif, cA'crjjf Sinulni/, frntn 9 a.m. 
to 4. .SO p.m. The admission fee of iwctify-fiir rents is not ashed on 
W'ednesdai/s and Satitrdai/s. 
The reinaiiuler of tlie 
l>l(K'k in which the Natural 
History liuihiing is sitiiate<l 
was oocupie<l for many 
years hy the two main 
l»uil<iinj,'s of the Massa- 
chusetts Institute of Tecli- 
nology. Tliis widely known, 
successful technical school 
lias within a few years hecn 
installe<l in a new ^roiip 
of beautiful buildings on 
the Cainbridj^'C si<le of the Charles River Basin near ihc Ilar- 
var<l Bridge {Mas.tarhiis( its Areniie). One of the original buildings 
is now (K'cu|)ie<i by Boston University, which has also taken the 
b\iildingon the corner of A'.n7/r NZ/wV. built in |SS.» for the Harvard 
Medical School. The Baby Hygiene Association, inc(»r|)orated in 
I!»l(), for the j)uri)ose of keeping babies and children well, has its 
office at .'i7r> liojdston Street. 

The Hotel Brunswick occupies the corner of Clarendon Str)tt. 
I'eyond this, one ct)nies to Copley Square, triangular in shape, an<l 
opening into it, Dartmouth. lioidston, iuu\ lilaydni Streets, St. James' 

A renne, II untington 
Arenac, an<l Trinity 
Place. This Scjuarc 
was nanie<l for John 
Singleton Copley, the 
artist, aiul aroini<l it 
are some of the most 
beautiful buildingsand 
imj)ortant institutions 
Mf the city. 

The crowning beauty 
"f tlieS(|uare is Trinity 
Church, the master- 
piece of the great 
architect. H. H. Rich- 
ardson. The style was 
characterized by the architect as a free ren<lering of the French 
Romanesque. In i)ian the church is a Greek cross, with a 




B. U. SCHOOL <>K H 
ADMINLSTRATI 



54 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 




L. H. Sfiattuck, Photo. 

TRINITY CHURCH 



semicircular apse added to the eastern arm. The decorations inside 
are by John Lafarge, and many of the windows are by the same artist. 

Placed in the side of 
the cloister leading from 
the eastern entrance of 
the church to Clarendon 
Street, is a part of the 
original tracery from a 
window of the ancient 
church of St. Botolph 
in Boston, England, of 
which John Cotton was 
the rector for twenty- 
one years. This was 
presented to Trinity by 
the vicar of that chin-ch. 
Opposite this tracery 
a carved granite rosette 
is imbedded in the wall of the church. This is all that remains of a 
former church of this parish, burned in the fire of 1872. The much 
discussed statue of Phillips Brooks, rector of the church, by Augustus 
St. Gaudens, stands under a canopy on the Huntington Avenue side. 
To the left of Trinity is the Westminster Hotel. Next to it, and 
extending along the south side of the S(|uare from Trinity Place to 
Dartmouth Street is the 
Copley-Plaza Hotel, 
on the site of the old 
Art Museum. 

The Public Library, 
a noble granite struc- 
ture, "Built by the 
people and dedicated 
to the advancement 
of learning," as the 
inscription across its 
fagade declares, occu- 
pies the western side 
of Copley Square. 
The building, which is 
rectangular in shape, 
with an enclosed court, 
is in the style of the French Renaissance. McKim, Mead & White, 
of New York, were the architects. The panels beneath the windows. 




COPLEY-PLAZA HOTEL 



CiriOR TO 1U)ST()X 



55 



with tlic exfcption of the three panels above the doorway, bear 
tlie names of tlie world's greatest men. On the three center 
panels are, to tlie left, the seal of Massachusetts; in the middle, 
that of the Library; and on the right, the seal of the City of 
Boston. 

The Library is approache<l by a broad, low flight of steps, ending 
in a platform. The statues of Art an<l Science in front of the build- 
ing are the work of Bela L. Pratt. In the vestibule is a splendid 
bronze figure of Sir Harry \'ane, by Frederick ^LicMonnies. Be- 
yond this are six l)ronze (loors by 1). (\ French — Poetry. Music, 
Wisdom, Knowle<lge. Truth, Romance. In the floor of the en- 




J 



niifn 






r I 



n r.i i« I ii;i;aky 

trance hull .irc set the seal of tlic Library and the signs of the /(KJiac, 
and in the ceiling are the names of eminent I'ostonians. Across the 
<-onrt on the right from the vestibule is the Patent Room, where 
all tlic Patent Office rei)orts may be found. On the inunediate 
right of the main staircase are three rooms <levoted to the current 
Federal Documents Service, the Library Information Bureau, and 
the Open-Shelf Collection of books for circulation. The Newspaper 
and Periodical Rooms are also on this floor. 

Halfway up the magnificent staircase, where it <livides to the 
right an<l left, are two great marble lions, by Louis St. (iaudens, 
memorial gifts of the Second and Twentieth Massachusetts Volun- 
teer Regiuents of the Civil War. The nmral (lecorations. "The 
Spirit of Knowledge," along the stairs and the u])per corridor are 
by Puvis de Chavannes. Passing to the left through a little lobby, 
decorated bv E. F. (Jarnsev, one comes to the Delivery Room, 



56 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

around which runs a gorgeous frieze by Edwin A. Abbey, ilhis- 
trating the legend of Sir Galahad's search for the Holy Grail. Just 
beyond is the Catalogue Room, with an admirable dictionary cata- 
logue. This room forms one end of Bates Hall, a great room 218 
feet long by 423^ feet wide, with a beautiful vaulted ceiling semi- 
domed at the ends. Bates Hall, named for one of the library's 
greatest benefactors, is the Reference Room of the Library, de- 
voted to the interests of readers, of whom there are often three or 
four hundred present. 

Beyond Bates Hall is the Children's Department, entered through 
a Venetian lobby, decorated by Joseph Lindon Smith. The ceiling 
of the inner room has a painting, "The Triumph of Time," by 
John Elliott. This is a reference and study room for the children. 
It has open shelves with books useful to teachers as well as to the 
younger students. The outer room also has open shelves, with 
tables provided for reading, and those in charge are always ready 
to help the children in the use of the library. On this floor there is 
also a large lecture hall. 

On the third floor are the Special Libraries, all of them contain- 
ing rare and valuable books. They comprise the Fine Arts and 
Technical Departments, the Allen A. Brown Libraries of Music 
and the Stage, and the Barton, Barlow, Prince, Lewis, Bowditch, 
and Ticknor collections. At either end and on both sides of the 
long third-floor corridor are the sequence of mural decorations 
entitled ''Judaism and Christianity," by John Singer Sargent. 

The administration of Library affairs is carried on by five trus- 
tees, who are appointed by the mayor, a librarian, and the various 
heads of departments. There are about three hundred and forty- 
five assistants. 

This is one of the largest reference and circulating libraries in 
the United States, with a collection of over 1,200,000 volumes, and 
a circulation of 2,300,000 volumes, not counting the books used 
at the library. While the circulation for home use is confined 
to citizens of Boston, anyone — stranger as well as citizen — may 
use the books at the library. The Library consists of the Central 
Library, sixteen Branches, fourteen Reading Rooms, and deposits 
in one hundred and nineteen public and parochial schools, and 
ninety-six engine houses and city institutions — in all, three hun- 
dred and seventeen agencies for the distribution of books. Some 
books are loaned every year to other libraries, and a few are bor- 
rowed. The city appropriates about $550,000 yearly, and the 
Library has a further income of about $25,000 from trust funds. It 
publishes quarterly bulletins and a weekly list of accessions, and 



f;rii)K TO nosTox 



57 



various other lists of l)ooks on si)e(ial siihjocts. It iiiaintnins its 
own himlery and printing' estal)Iishinent. The Central Lihrnrtf, in 
('oplcij Square, /.v open from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. in summer, am! an hour 
later in winter. The hhrarian is Mr. C'liarles F. 1). lielden. In 
IDOo the Lil>rary entrusted to the eare of tlie Boston Medical Library 
a large part of its collection of medical books. 

The Library publishes "A Condensed Guide to Its Tso" whicji 
may be obtained at the 
Registration Desk without 
charge. 

Across lioi/Iston Street from 
the Library rises the lofty 
(Jothic tower of the New 
Old South Church, two hun- 
dre<l and forty-eight feet 
high. Tiiis church society 
— fornicriy worshiping in 
the liistoric building on 
W'a.shitKiton Street — is one 
of ' the most nnportant 
churches of the Congrega- 
tional Trinitarian faith in 
New Kngland. Dr. (i. A. 
(iordon is the pastor. 

(Joing out Jioi/I.ston Strert 
from Copley S(|uare. one 
comes, on the left, on the 
corner of Exeter Street, to 
the old buihling formerly 
occuj)ie<l by the Harvard 

Me<lical School, now occupie<l by one of tiic ilcpartnicnts of Boston 
University. Directly behind this building, facing on K.reter Street, 
is the clubhouse of the Boston Athletic Association. 

At the corner of Hoylston and Hereford Streets is the Tennis and 
Racquet Club. 

The Medical Baths in the Farragut Building, No. 12G Massachu- 
setts Avenue, corner of Uoijlston Street, were starte<l by a committee 
of representative me<lical men, in order that Boston might have the 
advantage of a scientific hydrotherapeutic establishment. This is 
a thoroughly equij)pe<l plant, under competent medical supervision, 
where hytlrotherapeutic measures may be carried out either accord- 
ing to the judgment of the i)atient's physician, or, if he so wishes, 
acconling to the judgment of the medical men in charge. This 




NKW oi.i) soil 



58 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



junction of Massachusetts Avenue and Boylston Street is a rapidly 
growing center. The Subway runs close to it, and over the tunnel 
is the loop of the surface cars from the South End and from Cam- 
bridge. Passing down 8t. Cecilia Street one comes to St. Cecilia's 
Roman Catholic Church on Belvidere Street, and further to the east 
on this street is the Mechanic Arts High School. 

At the corner of Boylston Street and The Fenway is the building 
of the Massachusetts Historical Society, founded in 1791. Besides 
a priceless library, the Historical Society has an interesting museum, 
which is open to the public from 2 to 4: p.m. on Wednesdays. 

Across The Fenway from the Historical Society's building is a 
memorial to John Boyle O'Reilly, the Irish poet and patriot, who 
was for many years the editor of a Boston paper, the Pilot. 

The Fenway, which begins here, swings in a great semi-circle 
enclosing the old waterways of this region, and continues as the 

Riverway out of town to 
Jamaica Pond, the Arnold 
Arboretum, and Franklin 
. . Park. On the outside of 

the semi-circle and facing 
upon the fens are to be 
seen, beginning at Boylston 
Street, the Boston Medical 
Library; then well over 
toward Huntington Avenue 
the new and beautiful 
Forsyth Dental Infirmary; 
next to this and facing as 
well upon Huntington Ave- 
nue the Museum of Fine 
Arts; beyond which are 
successively Mrs. John L. 
Gardner's palace and the 
long and dignified fagade 
of Simmons College. Be- 
tween Simmons College and 
the beautiful Convent of Notre Dame, the Avenue Louis Pasteur 
leaves The Fenway and runs to the court of the Harvard Medical 
School. 

Next to the building of the Historical Society, and facing on The 
Fenway, is the Boston Medical Library. This association was 
formed in 1875, the first library consisting of 1500 volumes, housed 
in two rooms on Hamilton Place. A little later a house was 




BOSTON MEDICAL LIBRARY 



r.riDK TO HOSTOX 50 

jnircliasttl at Xo. 10 Jioi/l.sfdii I'larr, and roiuodflcd so as to give a 
liall for metlical meetings. Tlie lil)rary remained at Xo. 10 lioi/lston 
Place for twenty-two years, until its building was so outgrown tliat 
lO.OOO volumes had to be stored in otiier places. 

In ISOS the movement was starte<l that resulted in the erection 
of the present building in 1000 in a situation well suite<l to be a 
center for readers, near the homes of a majority of its 800 members 
and easily accessil)le from the surrounding country by all transit 
lines. Hesides stacks for the care of the books, there is a Chadwick 
Periodical Room, and a rea<ling room. Holmes Hall. This beau- 
liful hall was named after Oliver Wendell Holmes, the library's 
first president. The library building serves as a meeting-jjlace for 
most of Boston's larger me<lical societies, and many of the smaller 
ones, and has for this i)urpose thrtv halls and several rooms, in- 
cluding a supi)er-room. The largest hall, John Ware Hall, reached by 
a competent elevator recently installe<l. seats three hundred persons, 
and the other two about ninety each. The library is an in<lependent 
• Icmocratic institution, furnishing service to graduates of all medical 
schools and to the jniblic. Any respectable physician, dentist, or 
scientist may become a member. If he lives more than five miles 
away, he pays only half the m<Mlest annual assessment. In atldition 
to l()7,l)(l(( bound volumes and r>'),()()() pamphlets, the lil)rary con- 
tains a very large and valuable collection of medical nu^lals (the 
Storer Memorial Collcttion). many j)ortraits of medical men, l)e- 
sides autograi)hs. |)rints, and <)thcr things of me<lical interest. 
Xearly ten thousaml readers use the library in the course of a year. 
The library has long outgrown its building. B(M)ks are pile<l every- 
where in the basement, and all available nooks and corners have 
been utili/,e<l for tcmi)orary shelves. The corporation owns the 
adjoining land an<l has gone so far as to buihl the front basement 
of an addition, now crowde<l with books. A new stack building in 
the rear is a i)ressing necessity, for without it a very large munber 
of books caimot be catalogued and are therefore unavailable. 
Friends of this important feature of a medical community will l)e 
aj)pealed to for funds to carry on its public-spirited work. The 
Medical Library is the hea<lquarters of the ]Massachusetts Medical 
Society, which j)ays rental for accommodations. 

The Massachusetts Medical Society was fouiMlcd by act of the 
I>egislature in 17M, with i)ower to elect officers, examine and license 
candidates for practice, hold real estate, and "continue as a bcxly 
politic and corporate by the same name forever." It was reorgan- 
ized and made democratic largely through the efforts of James Jack- 
son, in ISOo. Candidates, either male or female, for membership 



60 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



in the Society must be not less than twenty-one years of age, 
and of good moral character, must have a good general English 
education, and by the laws of the Commonwealth must appear per- 
sonally before the censors and satisfy them that they have received 
a diploma from a medical school recognized by the Council of the 
Society, and that they do not practice any exclusive system of 
medicine or practice unethically. 

There is an annual meeting and a dinner of the Society in the 
month of June each year, and the district societies, of which there 
are eighteen, hold more or less frequent meetings during the year, 
and an annual meeting at least three weeks before the meeting of 
the parent society, when officers and councilors are elected. The 
governing body, the representative Council, holds three stated 
meetings a year and transacts nearly all the business of the Society. 
The present membership of the Society is about 3900. The 
dues are ten dollars a year. The proceedings of the Society, the 
annual address, and the papers read at the annual meeting are 
published each year in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 
the official organ of the Society. The Society provides malpractice 
defense for its members without cost. 

Opposite 84 The Fenway, on the border of the pond is a recently 
erected statue of Robert Burns, by H. H. Kitson 

The Forsyth Dental Infirmary for Children was founded in 1910 
by John Hamilton and Thomas Alexander Forsyth in memory of 

their brothers 
James Bennett 
and George 
Hem-y Forsyth. 
It has been in 
operation for six 
years at 140 The 
Fenway and may 
be approached 
frcm Huntington 
Avenue through 
Forsyth Street. 

Beautifully light, roomy, and hygienic, the institution not only serves 
the poor children of Boston in the care of their teeth, tonsils, and ade- 
noids, but, tlu-ough classes, and the Post Graduate School of Ortho- 
dontia, is a strong influence for oral hygiene and preventive medicine. 
It has a large consulting and active staff. 

The Musevun of Fine Arts is on Huntington Anenue. On the 
lawn in front stands Cyrus Dallin's beautiful bronze equestrian 




FORSYTH DENTAL INFIRMARY 



C.riDK TO HOS'I'OX 



61 



>tiitm', "The Appeal to t\w (ireut Spirit." The newer part of tlie 
Museum, the gift of Mrs. Rohert 1). Kvans, faces on The Fniwai/. 
The prineij)al l)uil<ling. of Maine granite, opened in 1909, rephiced 
the former building on Copley Scjuare. The Museum ranks among 
the most important art museums of the world. Both the buildings 
and eollertions are the residt of private subscriptions an<I becpiests, 
for the nniseum receives no help from City or State. The collections 
include Kgyj)tian an<l Classical Art, Chinese an<l Jai)anese scidp- 
tures, and paintings. Western art embraces .Spanish. Italian, Flem- 
ish. Dutch, French, English, and American ])aintings, ancient 
Flemish tapestries, and Mohanm.edan pottery, rugs, and velvets. 
A guide to the chief exhibits may be obtained for twenty-five cents 
at the office. The Museum has a library of works on art and 
maintains a school of drawing and painting on the grounds to 



1 , 


Mm 


wm 


%iji 


P 







the south of the main buildings. Opm inch dnt/s 9 (uii. to .') p.m.; 
SinuUiiis, 1 io () p.m. A(lmi.'<.'{ion fn r. 

()pl)osite the Museum of Fine .Vrts is the Wentworth Institute, 
founde<l by Arioch Wentworth and oj)cned in P.Hl. With the (»b- 
ject of increasing the average standard of skill and intelligence in 
the trades, it offers courses in pattern-making, carjuMitry, electrical 
work, foundry i)ractice, machine work, both day and evening. It 
is open to boys and men. 

Fenway Court or the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum of Art, 
the Boston residence of Mrs. Jojui L. Cardner, is built after the 
style of an Italian palace, and nnich of the material used in its con- 
struction was l)r()ught from Italy. The museum contains Mrs. 
(lanlner's valuable collection of pictures, marbles, and other works 
of art. Admission to this collection is to be had at stated intervals 
by means of tickets. 

On the left of Mrs. (Janlner's residence is Simmons College, its 
founder declaring its pnri)ose to be "to furnish to women instruc- 
tion and training in such bran<-hes of art, science, and industry as 



62 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 




ilMMONS COLLEGE 



may be serviceable in enabling them to acquire a livelihood." The 
main building seen here is a long structure of brick, consisting of a 
central section and two wings. Although Simmons College was not in- 
corporated until 1899, 
it has a large and 
increasing number of 
students. A dormitory 
for the students of the 
college is situated on 
Brookline Avenue, not 
far from its junction 
with the parkway. 

At the junction of 
The Fenway and River- 
way, just beyond Sim- 
mons College, the 
Avenue Louis Pasteur leads up to the court of the Harvard Medi- 
cal School buildings. On the right is the High School of Commerce. 
At the corner of Hwitington and Longwood Avenues, back of Mrs. 
Gardner's palace, are the Girls' Latin and Normal Schools, while 
near the corner of Riverway and Brookline Avenue is the handsome 
new building of Notre Dame Academy (Roman Catholic), formerly 
on Berkeley Street. 

The Church of the Disciples is to be seen on Peterborough Street. 
This church society, of which James Freeman Clarke was for many 
years the pastor, worshiped formerly in the building at the corner 
of Warren Avenue and West Brookline Street. 

At the corner of Jersey Street and Aiuluhon Road, No 107, on the 
latter parkway, is the Eliot Hospital, a general hospital of 26 beds 
that w^as established in 1886. 

To the left of Copley Square is Huntington Avenue. On the right 
of Huniington Avenue, about two blocks beyond Copley Square, 
is the Mechanics Building. This building covers seven acres of 
land and belongs to the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic 



^.'^^^^ 




i^.,..^:^^:^fs 






•-OTFt . CO Su 




MECHANICS BUILDING 




A'. L. Stfbbini, Pheto. 

HORTICUI 



I HAL HALL 
Md.s.fdc/ni^s-rff.'i Arm lie, is to he 



r.riDK TO HOSTOX 63 

Association. It has two very lar^^c lialls. one used for exhihition piir- 
|)(tM's, and tlie other as an au<litoriuin with a seatin*:: rapacity oF eif,'ht 
tiioiisaii(L Besides tliese Iialls tlie l)nildiii«i: contains a smaller hall 
and trade schot)ls. The st)- 
riety was founded in 179"), 
and Paul Revere was its 
first president. Its ohject 
was to relieve the wants of 
unfortunate mechanics and 
their families, and to pro- 
mote inventions an<i im- 
|)rovements in mechanic 
arts. The present huildin^' 
was erecteil in ISSO-M. 

To the right of Hunting- 
ton Airnue, just before one reachc 
seen through a i)ark maintained hy the Society, the huge Christian 
Science Church, which was dedicated in ll»(H). This huilding. which 
is joined to the so-calle<i "Mother Church." lias more the proj)or- 
tions of an OM WorM cathedral tiian of a church. It has a seating 
capacity of five thousand. Its dome, surmounted i)y a cu|)oIa, is 
two hundred and twenty-four feet high — a landmark whicii can 
he seen at a very consideraide distance. The Christidn Scirnce 
Monitor is jmhiished at 107 Fdlniouth Street, near hy. 

Near the intersection of Huntington and Mdssdc/iu.sett.s Avenues 
are several l)uildings which are of int(>rcst. Horticultural Hall, on 

the tKirthcast cor- 
ner of Huntington 
and Mdssdc/iusett.s 
Arenues, is the 
i)uilding of the 
Massachusetts 
Horticultural So- 
ciety, wiiich was 
fj.-,^ !^^^^^^^« founded in 1S2!). 

'^- f I iHH^^^^^Bt exhii)itions 

fruit, j)lants, 

' flowers, vegeta- 

i)lcs. tuiigi, etc. 

roHs Mds.sdrhu.srtfs Avenue fmm Horticultural Hall is Symphony 

Here are given during the fall and winter the concerts 



>^ 




Ac 

Hall, 




JORDAN HALL IN REAR 



64 • AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

of the celebrated Boston Symphony Orchestra. , During the 
spring members of the same orchestra give a series of popular 
^^ promenade concerts called 

Fv" ^^^^mn^ "Pops." 

At No. 241 St. Botolph 
Street, just a block east of 
Huntington Avenue, is the 
Industrial School for Crip- 
pled and Deformed Chil- 
dren. This school, with a 
capacity of 100 day pupils, 
was incorporated in 1894, 
"to promote the education 

CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC , ^ • i x • • £ 

and special trammg ot 
crippled and deformed 
children." It is a private charitable corporation. Opposite the 
school on St. Botolph Street is the Boston Arena, recently rebuilt 
after a fire and opened January 1, 1921. It is a place for skating 
carnivals and large assemblages. On Huntington Avenue diagonally 
opposite Symphony Hall is the Back Bay Post Office, the largest 
branch of the Boston Post Office. 

On the corner of Gainsborough Street and Hmitington Avenue is 
the New England Conservatory of Music, incorporated in 1867. 
This is the largest and most important music school in the country. 
It has courses in the science and art of music in all its branches. By 
an arrangement with Harvard University, students of either insti- 
tution may take certain courses at the other, an arrangement ad- 
vantageous to both. In Jordan Hall, the Concert Room, is the great 
organ, formerly in the old Boston Music Hall, in Hamilton Place. 
Jordan Hall, the chief auditorium in the Conservatory, is entered 
from Gainsborough Street. 

Next to the Conservatory 
is the fine large building of 
the Young Men's Christian 
Association, and fiu'ther 
along, on the opposite side 
of the avenue, is the Boston 
Opera House at No. 335. 

Tufts College Medical 
School. By vote of the 
Trustees of Tufts College the Tufts College Medical School was 
established in Boston, August 28, 1893. The object of the school 
w^as to provide a "practical and thorough medical education for 




TUFTS COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL 



(iriDK TO 1U)ST()X (u) 

persons of hotli soxos uj)oii e(nial tcTiiis." Tlie scliool at first was 
situated in a hiiiMitig l)eloii|;ing to tlie College at No. ISS Boi/lsfon 
Strrrt. Tliese (|iiarters were speedily outgrown and the Chauncy 
Hall Sehool building, in Copley Square, was leased while the 
building on the corner of Rtithnid Street and Shawmiit Avenue was 
prepared for its permanent location. In 1897 the sehool was 
transferred to Hntlntid Street and Shawmut Avenue. The quarters 
for the school having become again outgrown and the Boston Dental 
College having l)econie an incori)()rate part of Tufts College, it was 
found necessary to provide still larger (piarters for the rapidly in- 
creasing number of students. 'I'he present building, on the corner 
of Ilunt'nujton Avenue and Bryunt Street, was accordingly con- 
structe<l, and has been the home of the Medical and Dental schools 
since the oi)ening of the session of l".)()l-02. 

The school offers a four-year graded course in all tiie branches of 
the stu<ly of medicine. The i)olicy of the school has been the (jiuUi- 
fication of its students as general practitioners. While stressing 
the im|)ortance of the bedside study of disease, the Faculty has not 
abandone<l so nuich as have some other institutions the didactic 
iiietho<l of teaching. The Laboratories of Biological Chemistry, 
Path(»l<)gy. .\natomy, and Physiology have furnishe<l her students 
with facilities adc(|uate to the practical wish of training j)ractition- 
ers, but have not catere<l especially to research scholars. New 
buildings have been a<lded to accommodate the constantly increas- 
ing classes, the last to be coinplete<I being occupied in the fall of 
1920. The ])reme<lical (two-year) course now furnishes all the 
students that the teaching facilities of the school can accommodate 
and at ])resent the entering classes approximate on«' hun<lre<l and 
twenty-five. The school has access to abmidant clinical nuiterial, 
the bulk of which, in the major subjects of me(licine and surgery is 
obtaine<l in two teaching services at the Boston City IIosi)ital. 
Some of the specialties fin<l their material also at the Massachusetts 
(ieneral and the Carney liosjjitals, the Boston I)isi)ensary, the 
Robert Brigham. St. Klizabeth's, the Psychopathic, an<l two well- 
ecpiipped hospitals conducted by the Salvation Army. 

Very many of the students are, in part or wholly, .self-supporting 
while jnirsuing their studies, and as the school has no endowed 
scholarships, this means that these yoimg men nnist devote their 
vacations as well as what they can take from their school year 
to remunerative pursuits. Nevertheless an attendance of eighty- 
five per cent upon all school exercises is compulsory, and in spite 
of the han<licap to high scholarship that obtains when economic 
necessity drives so many to give time and thought to their own 



66 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

support, the standing of the graduates before State Boards has not 
been discreditable. The school usually includes eight or ten young 
women in each class. After graduation most of them find places in 
institutional work. 

Beyond the Fens one comes, on the right, to Long wood Avenue, 
on which at No. 240 are the buildings of the Harvard Medical 
School. The Harvard Medical School was the third medical school to 
be founded in the United States, being antedated by the University 
of Pennsylvania Medical School, founded in 1765, and King's Col- 
lege, later Columbia University, New York, founded in 1768. 

The school may be said to owe its origin to the bequest of Dr. 
Ezekiel Hersey to Harvard College in the year 1770 of the sum of 
£1000, to be used "for a Professorship of Anatomy, and for that 
use only." Dr. Hersey was a plain country doctor, with a practice 
in Hingham and the surrounding towns. He had graduated from 
Harvard and had studied medicine in Boston under a preceptor, 
as the custom of those days was. He felt the need of a medical 
school, and resolved to do what he could toward establishing 
one. 

The Revolution delayed the beginning of the school, but brought 
to it, when once it was started, the results of the experience gained 
in the military hospitals, and in the contact with the medical men 
trained in the best schools of the mother country. 

The history of the school may be divided, conveniently, into five 
periods, for with every change of location came important altera- 
tions in the personnel of the teaching force, in policies, and in the 
clinical opportunities afforded the students. 

First (1782-1816), its life in Cambridge, and in its temporary 
quarters on old Marlborough Street, in Boston. 

Second (1816-1847), the time that it occupied the INIassachusetts 
Medical College building on Mason Street. 

Third (1847-1883), its occupancy of the building on North Grove 
Street. 

Fourth (1883-1906), the twenty-three years during which its 
home was on Boylston Street. 

Fifth (1906- ), its development in the splendid buildings, 
newly opened at the time of the last Meeting of the American 
Medical Association in Boston, into the center of a great hospital 
group. 

Dr. John Warren, surgeon in the Continental Army and an active 
physician, had given a successful series of lectures on Anatomy in 
Boston in 1780 and 1781, and was invited to repeat them in Cam- 
bridge. This he did, and at the request of the College drew up 



68 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

articles to govern the Department of Medicine to be formed in 
connection with Harvard College. He was chosen to the chair of 
Anatomy and Surgery in 1782, and a month later Benjamin Water- 
house, a Boston practitioner, formerly of Newport, was elected 
Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic. The following 
year Aaron Dexter, a Boston apothecary, was made Professor of 
Materia Medica. These three composed the teaching force during 
the early years of the school. 

The instruction consisted at first mainly of lectures, which were 
given in Harvard Hall and Holden Chapel in the College grounds 
at Cambridge. Dissecting material was hard to procure. The 
first degrees were conferred in 1788 and were those of Bachelors 
of Medicine, the first Doctors of Medicine being graduated in 
ISll. 

Attempts to secure clinical advantages in Cambridge proving 
fruitless, arrangements were made, in 1810, for a course of clinical 
lectures at the almshouse on Lever ett Street, in Boston, and a Pro- 
fessor of Clinical Medicine was appointed in the person of James 
Jackson. Two years later he succeeded Dr. Waterhouse as Professor 
of Theory and Practice, and held both positions for several years. 
The professors were paid, for the most part, by the fees received 
from their pupils. 

The number of medical students in 1814 was one hundred and 
twenty, of which fifty were at the school in Boston and seventy in 
Cambridge. Communication between Boston and Cambridge was 
by ferry to Charlestown and a long journey over the road. Many 
were the subterfuges resorted to in order to get material for dissec- 
tion. Popular prejudice was strong against anatomical study, and 
"body snatching" alone produced practical results. The good 
physician of those days had to possess many sorts of fortitude — 
he must brave the terrors of the law to round out his education, 
and keep a steady hand while operating on conscious and suffering 
humanity. 

The anatomical dissections were made in the rooms over White's 
apothecary shop (on the site of 400 Washington Street), and the 
clinical facilities were furnished by the almshouse, the Marine Hos- 
pital (1803) at Charlestown, the Boston Dispensary (1801), and the 
State Prison at Charlestown. For many years the lectures in Chem- 
istry were delivered at Cambridge. 

Dr. John Warren died in 1815, and was succeeded in the chair of 
Anatomy and Surgery by his son, John Collins Warren. In this 
same year Jacob Bigelow was Lecturer in Materia Medica and 
Botanj^, and Walter Channing in Midwifery, so that when the schooj 



criDK 'I'O I?()ST()X 



60 



ihovimI into its new huiMiii^^ on Mdson Stmt — the Massaclmsetts 
Me<li(al College, as it was (alietl in INK) — the teaching force had 
materially change<l, and consiste«l of J. (\ Warren in Anatomy and 
Surgery; James Jackson in Theory and Practice; Jacol) Higelow in 
Materia Metlica; Walter Channing in Midwifery; anil John (Jor- 
ham, who luui snccee<le<l Dexter, in Chemistry. Dr. (Jorham was 
one of the founders of the AV/r England Mrdiral Journal (1S12), 
the forerunner of the Boston Medical and Snrgind Journal (1S2S). 
Dr. J. ('. Warren was Professor of Anatomy and Surgery during 
tile years tlie school remaine< I on Mason Street. He was instrumen- 
tal in getting the 
legislative grant 
with which the 
Mason Sfrerf 
huildiiig was 
.Tcctcd. :,nd he 
lieli)e<l raise the 
sum of S1.')().(H)() 
which was us«'d 
to huild the 
Massachu setts 
(ieneralHos|)ital. 
lie was selected 
as visiting sur- 
geon to the hosj)i- 
tal when it was 
oi)ened in ISL'l. 
an<l i)erformed there the first oi)eration under ether anesthesia. Octo- 
lier H). 1SH>. He was the third i)resident of the .American Medical 
Association elected when it met in Boston in IM*.). Incidentally the 
Association held its conventions in this city in ISO.") and in I'.IOO. 

The first regular medical faculty was organized Xovemher I, 
IcSlO, and consisted of Drs. Jackson, Warren, Gorham, Bigelow, 
and Channing. A library and a museum were estahlishe*! in the 
new school. The nuniher of students in ISIS was fifty-i'ight, and 
the course of lectures lasted thr6e months. 

When the Massachusetts (Jeneral Hospital was completed, it was 
used to provide clinical material for the stu<lents. John Ware suc- 
ceciled James Jackson as Hersey Professor of the Theory and Prac- 
tice of Physic in ]S'M], and John White Wehster succeeded Dr. 
(lorham in 1S27. 

In 1S;>1 the Medical School was organized as a distinct <lepart- 
nient. with its own dean, and witii comi)lete local self-government, 




Massachusetts Medical College, Mason Strect. Uoston, 
1815. 



70 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

maintaining its own receipts and expenditures, and it remained in 
this anomalous condition until President Eliot took charge of the 
University in 1870. Then a new regime began, and dating from this 
time the president was instrumental in developing the school as an 
integral part of the University. 

In 1846 George Parkman presented the growing school with a 
lot of land on North Grove Street, close to the Massachusetts Gen- 
eral Hospital, and a new building was erected on it. The Parkman 
Professorship of Anatomy and Physiology was created by the Presi- 
dent and Fellows of Harvard College in 1847, and Dr. Oliver Wendell 
Holmes was elected to fill this office. At the same time Dr. J. B. S. 
Jackson was created Professor of Pathological Anatomy. This was 
the year of the organization of the American Medical Association. 

In 1849 Dr. Henry J. Bigelow succeeded Dr. Hayward, who had 
followed Dr. Warren in the chair of Surgery. 

The Warren museum of anatomical preparations, collected by 
Dr. John C. Warren abroad and in this country, was given to the 
school on the completion of the new building, and was the basis of 
the present Warren Anatomical Museum, which contains about 
twelve thousand specimens, illustrating normal and pathological 
anatomy by corrosion preparations, papier-mache models, speci- 
mens dried and in preservatives; a most valuable teaching collec- 
tion, that has been gathered by a long line of teachers of Anatomy. 

At this time the different clinical facilities were furnished by the 
Massachusetts General Hospital, close at hand; by the Massachu- 
setts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary (1824), which moved into 
a new building on Charles Street in 1850; by the Perkins Institution 
for the Blind (1829) in South Boston; and by the Boston Lying-in 
Hospital (1832) on McLean Street. It was at this hospital that 
Dr. O. W. Holmes made the study of puerperal septicaemia, on 
which he founded his famous thesis which revolutionized the prac- 
tice of obstetrics. Clinical teaching in mental diseases was conducted 
at the Asylum for the Insane at Danvers and at the Boston Insane 
Hospital, now both called "State Hospitals." 

The clinical advantages of the school were increased by the 
founding of the House of the Good Samaritan in 1860, and by the 
building of the Boston City Hospital in 1864. The Children's Hos- 
pital, founded in 1869, opened its doors to the students of the school 
in 1882, and the Free Hospital for Women (1875) at about this 
time. In later years the students had clinical facilities afforded 
them at the Infants' Hospital, the Long Island Hospital for chronic 
diseases in Boston Harbor, and the Carney Hospital. 

Among the eminent men connected with the school while it was 



criDK 'I'O I'.OSTON 



71 



on Xorfh (t'roir Strict were (J. ('. Sliattuck, Professor of Cliniral 
Mt'diciiie. and also of Tlieory and Practice; Jacol) Hi^jcelow, Professor 
of Materia Medica; Jeffries Wynian. Hersey Professor of Anatomy; 
l)avi<l Humphreys Storer, Professor of ()l)stetrics; Henry J. Bige- 
low. Professor of Surgery; Charles \V. Eliot, later i)resident of the 
college, Ix'cturer in Chemistry; Morrill Wynian, Professor of Theory 
an<l Practice; Henry I. Howditch. Jackson Professor of Clinical 
Medicine, an.l Calvin Kllis Professor of Clinical M(>.ii(ii:e. Dr. 




lIAIiVAIU) MKDKAL S( llool., lS,s:i-l<M)G 
NOW BOSTON' LNIVKUSITV CULLKGE OF LIUKKAL AUT.S 



Oliver Wendell Holmes gave his last lecture in Anatomy in the 
ynrtli (iroir Strrct building in 1S.SJ. 

As early as 1S74 the j)rogress of the school was such as to pre- 
shadow the need of larger and better facilities, but though at this 
time a public meeting was held ami a committee to raise funds ap- 
pointe<i, it was not until the fall of 1SS3, one hun<lre<l years after 
the founding of the school, that the HarvanI Me<lical School moved 
into its new building on lioi/lston Strrrt. The building cost, with 
the land, S.'i21 ,41."), an<l was thought at the time to be admirably 
suite<l to the needs of the institution for many years to come. 

A four-year course of study was made optional in bS7*.)-S(), before 
moving to Hoiilston Street. In 1S<)2 it was made obligatory, with 
niost beneficial results, the number of stu<lents not falling off to 



72 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

any appreciable extent. In 1893 the teaching staff consisted of 
eighty-six men, exchisive of those connected with the Summer 
School. The opening of the Sears Pathological Laboratory at the 
school, and the pathological laboratories at the Massachusetts Gen- 
eral and City hospitals, greatly enlarged the facilities for instruc- 
tion. The Graduate School was developed, and opportunities 
offered for men to become investigators or specialists of the highest 
type. A degree in Arts or Science was required for admission to the 
school after 1902, Harvard being the pioneer in this respect, as she 
was the second medical school in the country to require a four-year 
course of study. In 1904-05, the year before moving into the new 
buildings on Longwood Avenue, of the three hundred and seven 
students in the school, two hundred and sixty-seven, or eighty- 
seven per cent, were holders of the preliminary degree of A.B. 
or S.B. 

When the school moved to Boylston Street, it separated itself from 
a near-by hospital, and from this time the clinical facilities, although 
most ample, were spread about in many hospitals at a considerable 
distance from the school building. All this has in a remarkable 
degree been changed at the Longwood Avenue location, and the 
great need of medical education has been met by a conjunction of 
laboratories with clinical advantages. But while the new group of 
hospitals about the school has centralized in that neighborhood a 
very considerable amount of clinical material, the great clinics of 
the Massachusetts General and City Hospitals continue to form 
the basis of perhaps the larger part of the medical and surgical 
teaching. 

The School on Longwood Avenue. The scheme for the expan- 
sion and development of the Medical School owes its success in a 
large measure to the untiring efforts of Dr. Henry P. Bowditch and 
Dr. J. Collins Warren, who educated the members of the medical 
profession to demand, and the public to provide, the means for the 
accomplishment of this object, so fraught with promise to the cause 
of medical education. 

In 1900 a Committee of the Faculty of the Medical School secured 
a parcel of land on Longwood Avenue, on the outskirts of Boston, 
near the Brookline line, as the site for the new medical school. 
The land was held in trust by twenty public-spirited citizens of 
Boston and vicinity, who subscribed S565,000 for the purpose. 
Through the generosity of J. Pierpont Morgan, John D. Rocke- 
feller, Mrs. Collis P. Huntington, and sixty-nine different donors 
the buildings were erected and dedicated in 1906. 

Arrangements were made with several hospitals whereby a portion 



criDK TO nosTox 



73 



of tlie laiui not needed for tlie medical scliool should l>e reserve<l for 
the erection of h()si)itals, to be managed in conjunction with the 
school. This far-si<,dite<l step has since resulte<l in the establish- 
ment of a number of important hospitals at the school doorsteps, 
and in attracting others to the immediate neighborhowl. The 
Peter Bent Hrigham, the Collis P. Huntington Memorial, the Chil- 
dren's and the Infants' Hospitals, the House of the (lood Samaritan, 
as well as the Harvard Dental School an<l the Carnegie Nutrition 
Laboratory closely surround the Metlical School an<l derive light 
and heat from its i)ower plant. The P.sychoj)athic Hospital is 
hardly a ((uarter of a mile away, and the Robert Hreck Hrigliam 
Hos|)ital and the Elks Reconstruction Hospital on the sunnnit of 
Parker Hill are almost e(jually near. The folding map shows 




l.i.NI HKK.IIAM ll( 



the relation of iiio^t of these institutions to eadi other and to 
the school. 

The Peter Bent Brigham Hospital i> on the corner of llmdimjion 
Avniiir and Francis Strrrl. INtcr Rent Hrigham. a native of 
\'ermont, left at his death in ls77 the fortime which resulted in 
1902 in tlie incorjioratioii, and in I'lbi in the comj)letion of the 
hosi)ital which hears his name. The ii()si)ital has from the first been 
most closely connected with the Harvard Medical School. Built 
at its front door, its chiefs of service, medical and surgical, hold 
chairs in these de|)artments of the scIkjoI, and give their entire time 
to the two institutions. Medical students are assigne<l in groups 
to its wards during the entire year ami when so assigned spend their 
full time as an integral part of the hosj)ital machine. All i)hysicians 
of the staff are salaried; all h(jld teaching as well as hospital positions. 
The house staff consists of salaried Residents with in<lefinite terms 
of service, and of house officers with an eighteen-month term. 

The capacity of the hospital is 220 beds, efjually divided between 
general medical and surgical services. The wards are tw()-storie<l, 
generously sjjread over amj)le grounds. The Out-Door I)ei)artment 
for Out-1'aticnts is oix-n at all h«»urs of the day and m'glit. 




74 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

The patients admitted to the hospital January 1, 1920, to De- 
cember 31, 1920, inchisive, were: medical, 2446; surgical, 1870; 
total, 4316. The number of new cases treated in the Out-Door 
Department were: medical, 4099; surgical, 3530; prenatal, 9; uro- 
logical 224; total, 7862. The number of visits to the Out-Door 
Department were: medical, 20,349; surgical, 16,917; prenatal, 30; 
urological, 4414; total, 41,710. 

The House of the Good Samaritan, at Francis and Binney Streets, 
is the outcome of a work started by Miss Annie Smith Robbins in 
1861. She at that time opened the house at the corner of McLean 

and Chambers 
Streets, for the care 
of women suffer- 
ing from chronic 
diseases. The 
house had a capa- 
city of 12 patients. 
Later an ortho- 
pedic department 
was added. The 
work was carried 
on under the di- 
rection of the founder, who lived in the house until the time of her 
death, in 1899. After the death of Miss Robbins, the board of 
trustees, her relatives and friends raised the money for the present 
model hospital, which was first occupied in July, 1905. 

The building has 43 beds, 12 of which are orthopedic, the rest 
medical. The medical side divides its beds about equally between 
patients with phthisis and those suffering with other chronic diseases. 
The institution is the first example in this community of a hospital 
for the treatment of chronic diseases, it being in every respect a 
hospital and not a home. Recently a special ward of 21 beds for 
cases of cancer has been added. 

The present Harvard Dental School, situated at 188 Longwood 
Avenve beside the Medical School, is a dental hospital and infirm- 
ary pure and simple. Completed in 1909, the building represents 
the best modern dental requirements and is the natural outcome 
of forty years of steady progress in dental teaching. In 1867 
the Corporation of Harvard University granted the petition of the 
Dean of the Medical School that a Dental Department be estab- 
lished. Dr. Nathan Cooley Keep, the originator of the plan, was 
made the first Dean. Beginning in a very humble way, in the Out- 
Patient Department of the Massachusetts General Hospital with 



Photo, by Dr. M. D. Miller 

HOUSE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN 



r.nnK to bostox To 

sixteen matriculants, tiie scliool steadily <ievelo|)etl until in 1917 
tliere were SOO alumni an<l a registration of 2o0 students. The way 
has been marke<l l>y a continual elevation in the standards of teach- 
ing an<l study and in the re(iuirements for admission. 

Through its Dental DeiKirtment. Harvard was the first classical 
institution to grant a degree in <lentistry. The school was the 
j)ioneer in substituting in 1S71 an oj)tional lengthening of the school 
year as a substitute for private pupilage, with a j)rogressive course 
of two years. After entering its present building in 1909 the Faculty 
was merged with that of the Medical School. Since then the Dental 
School has been the first to demand as a prerefjuisite to a<hnission 
a four-year course in selected training along academic lines in a re- 
sj)ectable high school. For many years the school, under the influ- 
ence of a line of scholarly and enlightened deans, has been a strong 
an<l leading factor in the develoj)ment of teaching in dentistry. In 
l!M);> it withdrew from the National Association of Dental Faculties 
to mark its <lisaprobation of the low entrance reciuirements of a 
majority of the schools hoMing membership in that body. In 190S 
it joined with the University Schools in a Dental Faculties Associa- 
tion of American Universities whose advance in standanis culmi- 
nated in 1917 in the present four-year course. At Harvard the 
first year includes a compulsory course in biology as a basis of 
subse(|uent medical studies. 

The lectures an<l lal)oratory exercises in the Dental School are 
given in the near-by Medical School, and the dental infirmary {JrojuT 
is given up to the actual clinics, including a large OrtluHlontia Clinic 
and a Prosthetic Laboratory. Within a few years the school has 
i)een able to offer greater encouragement to students in research 
and has supplie<l third-year stu<Ients and graduate teachers to the 
Massachusetts Hospital Dental Service. Its graduates have faith- 
fully assisted the school by teaching and gifts of money and are 
i)ccoming increasingly i)rominent upon tlie staffs of hosj)ital and 
dental infirmaries. 

Finally, a number of its graduates have jxTformed a brilliant 
role in war surgery, and an illustration of the luiture and scoi)e of 
their work may be seen in Dr. Kazanjian's exhibit of i)laster faces 
of woundeil soldiers on the Western Front, before and after treat- 
ment, together with a large number of photographs. 

Harvard is recognizing at last the faithful work of instructors in 
the Dental School by paying salaries for service in teaching long 
rendered without money reward. 

Xext to the Dental School, at 184 Ijongwood Avenue, is the 
Angell Memorial Hospital for Animals of the Massachusetts Society 



76 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. This is the last word 
in a modern institution of its kind and will well repay a visit. 
Across the street, at No. 179, is the Massachusetts College of 
Pharmacy, a most important institution where young men are 
trained in pharmacy preparatory to registering with the Board of 
Registration in Pharmacy at the State House. The College was 
founded in 1823 and incorporated in 1852. 

The Carnegie Nutrition Laboratory is situated at the meeting 
of Villa and Van Dyke Streets close to the power station of the 
Harvard Medical School. The investigations in nutrition, to which 
this laboratory is devoted, originated with the late Professor W. O. 
Atwater, of Wesley an University, Middletown, Conn. The work 
has been carried on in the Boston laboratory by Professor Francis 
G. Benedict for The Carnegie Institution of Washington since 1908 
when the present building was completed. 

The laboratory equipment consists of a variety of apparatus, 
made for the most part in the laboratory machine shop, for the 
study of metabolism and related subjects. Respiration calorim- 
eters and other types of respiration apparatus are used (to men- 
tion some of the more important pieces of research) in the study of 
normal metabolism at rest and under exertion, in investigations of 
diabetes, in the study of infants up to two years of age, and in in- 
vestigations into the effect 
of alcohol upon the human 
organization. Studies have 
been made upon some ex- 
perimental metabolic dis- 
turbances in dogs, and 
certain fundamental laws 
governing heat production 
have been investigated 
among reptiles in the New 
York City Zoological Park. 
The laboratory has received 
in its researches the coop- 
eration of many scientists, both American and foreign, and is one 
of the most active and productive institutions of the type in the 
world. 

The CoUis P. Huntington Memorial Hospital. In 1901 the 
Cancer Commission of Harvard University was established, and the 
fund of $100,000 left by the late Caroline Brewer Croft in 1899 be- 
came available for its use. In 1912 the Commission was able, prin- 
cipally through the gift of Mrs. Collis P. Huntington, to build the 






ill'! 




CUI.LIS P. HI X'J'lXGToX .ME.MoKlAL 
HOSPITAL 



OriDK TO BOSTON 




("(tilis P. Ilimtiii^'toii Memorial II(»>i>ilal. tlcvotni tt» tlic study and 
trt-atiiuMit of caiuvr. The lu)si)ital, oii tlu- corner of ]'ini Di/L-r 
Stnrt ami Huntington Arrnur, is a small one of 2.") \)viU, hut treats 
a lar^e nuniher of out-patient cases. A two-story addition is now 
in process of construction to house a very modern and i>()werful 
X-ray plant, which will he used in addition to radium. The pur- 
pose of the hosj)ital is not only to care for incurahle cancer in 
whatever class of life, hut to find the cause of cancer and the hest 
means of treating; it. To tliis end extensive research is carried on 
l»y tlie Cancer Commission. 

The Children's Hospital. Founded in ISOO, this hospital, sup- 
ported entirely hy prixatc endowment an<l suhscription. heijan as 
a small clinic in 
a dwelling h()use 
at the South Knd. 
By 1SS2 it was 
al)le to huild thr 
hospitaion ///// 
nujton A rr n .. 
useil hy it unlil 
19 1.'). when th. 
l)res<Mit huililin::- 
of i:)() beds at 
300 L o n g w o <> <l 
J jYV///r werecom- 
j)leted and occu- 
l)ie<l. To this institution may l)e traced the ^'reat interest in 
orthoj)edics so prominent in Boston medicine, and in it, in the past 
as in the i)resent, most of the orthopedic surgeons of Boston have 
heen trained. Like the Peter Bent Briiiham, it is a teaching hos- 
pital closely affiliated with th(> Harvard Medical School, in which 
its chiefs of service, orthojjcdic and medical, hold jjrofessorships 
respectively in Orthoj)edic Surgery an<l Pediatrics. 

The h<»s|)ital wards arc widely scattered over the groun<ls ])ehin(l 
the Administration Building and so constrncted as to obtain the 
maximum of air and sunlight. Besides the medical and orthopedic 
services there is a general surgical service, an<l in the Out-Paticnt 
I )epartment a clinic for diseases of the nose and throat as well. Tiie 
out-patient service of all departments cared for 43,300 i)atients in 
1920; the house for 46S2, a remarkably varied and interesting 
clinic. In the Social-Service Department there were 27.")0 visits. 
The hospital jK)ssesses an excellent shop for the mamifacture of 
orthoj)edic aj)i)liances. 



THK Cim.DKKN S HoSl'ITAI. 

ADMINISTKATION miLDINt;. MHSEs' UOMK, AM) 

OUT-I'ATIEN'T DEPAKT.MENT 



(illDK TO UOSroN 



79 




IM.\\I> ll«»l'IIAh 



'V\\v ('liil<lr(Mi's n()si)itai lias inaiiitaiiu'<l for many years in 
Wi'llcslcy Hills, twelve miles outside of Boston, a convalescent 
home wliieii has hecome a most imi)ortant part of the institution. 
It has no financial connection with the hospital, has separate 
ofhcers and managers, and is sui)|)orted i)y vohmtary sul)scriptions. 

The Infants' Hospital, situate<l at .")."> I'ati Dyke Street close to 
the Harvard Me<lical School, he^an in 1S7S as a day nursery at 
IS lilossoni Street (near the Massachusetts (General Hosi)itah. Dr. 
Henry Cecil Haven sponsoivd its he^iiuiini;. With Dr. 'Thomas 
Morgan Uotch he- 
was a pioneer in 
the study of the 
diseases of in- 
fants and in their 
scientific fcedinic. 
The hospital was 
incorporated in 
ISSl as the \Vc 
End Nurs(Ty an<i 
lIosi)ital for In- 
fants, an<l maintaine<l an active out-patient department. It ic- 
ceives infants up to two years of aj;e. In I'.Mo, with its chanp' of 
name to the Infants' Hospital, the institution was move<I to the 
l)rcMnt marhle huilding known as the Thomas Morgan Hotch, 
.Ir.. Memorial. With a cai)acity of IK) heds. the hos|)ital is closely 
affiliate«l with Harvard. Its staff teach in the Medical School an<l 
give clinics in the hosi)ital to thinl- an<l fiturth-year >tu<lents. 
Hesi<les maintaining a training school for nurses, it conducts a 
H hool for nursery mai<ls and follows up the treatment of its i)atit*nts 
through its Social-S<'rvicc D(>j)artments. traim'ng mothers in the 
(are of infants. 

The Robert Breck Brigham Hospital is reached l>y trolley over 
U iinfiiKiton An nue to P(irl:ir Hill Amine. A sharp climl) hrings 
one to No. 12."). Uohert Breck Brigham, a native of \ ermont. 
tile founder of this hospital, «lied in l*)()(), leaving, among other 
chiiritahlc l)e(|Uests, a consi<leral)le fund which sliouhl he de- 
voted to the erection, efiuipment, and maintenance of a hospital 
"for the care and support and medical and .stirgical treatment 
of those citizens of l^oston who are without necessary means of 
^ui)|)(>rt, and are iiicaj)al»le of ol)taining a comfortable livelihood 
hy reason of chronic or incurahle di.sease or i)ermanent physical 
disability. " His sister later joined her fortime to his, an<l the in- 
stitution thus l)uilt looking down ui)oii the Har^"ard Medical 



80 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



School from the top of a near-by hill (Parker Hill) was opened 
in 1914 with 150 beds. From the time of opening until 1918 
it had admitted 283 patients, of whom many had been made self- 
supporting, while others had been taken care of by relatives and 
friends. 

The hospital, being devoted to chronic cases, has found its Social- 
Service Department essential for following up and teaching its dis- 
charged patients as well as its inmates. Its Industrial Department 
has taught the occupations and trades which war hospitals have 
found so important to the health and well-being of victims of chronic 
diseases. In this way patients defray the expense of apparatus and 
dental work. A laboratory for the study of problems related to the 
diseases treated has from the start been an integral part of the 
institution. 

In 1918 the hospital was taken over by the United States Army 
Medical Department together with the adjoining reconstruction 
hospital built by the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, be- 
coming General Hospital, No. 10. Recently it has become a part 
of the Public Health Service, being Hospital No. 36, with 520 beds in 
the two buildings. The organization of the Robert Breck Brigham 
Hospital is maintained, and it is the intention to restore the insti- 
tution to the care of its trustees. What will be done eventually 

with the Elks' 
Hospital has not 
been determined. 
On the slope 
of Parker Hill 
at 53 Parker Hill 
Aven u e is the 
Massachusetts 
Women's Hospital 
of 41 beds. It 
is a semi-public 
institution sup- 
ported by a 
women's charitable organization. Gynecological and abdominal 
cases are cared for by a small staff. Next door, at No. 61, is the 
Gushing Hospital established by the late Dr. E. W. Gushing in 
1890. It is a general hospital of 35 beds. On top of the hill on 
the same street (No. Ill) is the New England Baptist Hospital, 
established in 1893; a general hospital of 55 beds. Here any 
physician in good standing may send his patients and care for 
them. 




NEW ENGLAND BAPTIST HOSPITAL 



(;riI)K TO BOSTON 



SI 



The Psychopathic Hospital is at 74 Fcnwood Road, Roxhiiry, 
roaclicd l)y Ipswich Stnrt trolley cars from Park Street. This 
institution was 
authorized in 
1909 hy the 
Massachusetts 
I^egislature and 
was opened for 
patients in 19 IJ. 
heinj; o])erated 
as a department 
of the Ho^tuii 
State Hospital, 
its purpose heing 
to receive mental 

patients for first care, ohservation, and examination. It is thus the 
only one of the grouj) of hospitals in the neighl)orlioo<l of the Har- 
vard Medical School which is not i)rivately endowe<l and .suj)- 
|)orte<l. Its work, an imj)ortant hnk in the State Hospital system 
for the insane, is ihstinct from the treatment of obviously com- 
mittahle cases. Patients, many of whom are tem|)orary-<'are and 
^■ohmtary cases, come for a ten-<lay (or less) investij;ation and are 




PSYCHOPATHIC HOSPIT.\L 



then disposed of according; to the ( 



•onditions fotmd. It is thus a 
larj^e clinic, dealing with acute, 
sj)ecial. difhcult. and horderline 
cases, admitted hy special dis- 
jK-nsation from the State at 
large a'^ well as from the vicinity 
of HostiMi. The work involves 
l)rol)lems from schools, courts, 
the Inmiigration Bureau, the 
Industrial Accident Board, and 
the like. There are 110 beds. 

The hospital was frankly 
inten(le<l hy the State authori- 
ties to be an institution for 
investigation and post-graduate 
teaching of the State Hospital 
physicians, as well as a center 
for undergraduate teaching in 
the various medical schools of 
Bcston. The late Professor E. E. Southard, who held the chair 
of Xeuro-Psychiatry at Harvard up to the tune of his death in 




NEW t.NGi..\ND DfcACUXESS 
HOSPITAL 



82 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

1920, was, from the start, the head of the institution and was 
chiefly responsible for its remarkable system and progress. 

The Legislature of 1920 authorized the separation of this hospital 
from the Boston State Hospital, and on December 1, 1920, the 
Boston Psychopathic Hospital became a separate institution, with 
Dr. C. McFie Campbell as Director. Dr. Campbell has also been 
appointed Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. 

Deaconess Hospital. The New England Deaconess Association 
(Methodist) incorporated, has three hospitals under its control. 
The general hospital is situated at 175 Pilgrim Road, Back Bay 
District. Take Ipswich Street, Chestnut Hill car at Park Street, 
getting off at Deaconess Road. The hospital faces the little park 
which runs down to Broohline Avenue. There are 70 beds. The 
Palmer Memorial Hospital of 40 beds for chronic cases is on a 
beautiful site containing about six acres of land at 560 Blue Hill 
Avenue, Grove Hall District, nearly opposite Franklin Park. A 
cottage-type hospital of 25 beds is maintained at Concord, Mass., 
having accommodations for general cases for the surrounding 
territory. 

The Channing Home for poor and deserving women with advanced 
tuberculosis is at 19S Pilgrim Road near the Park. There are 22 
beds. It was founded in 1S57 and incorporated in 1861. 



THK WKST KM) 



T 



IIH West Kiul of Boston is a curious and interesting com- 
ix )site of slums, shabby-genteel, and lingering aristocracy. 
In places it retains more than any other part the genuine 
old Boston atmosphere. Me<lically it is of esi)ecial interest, con- 
taining, as it does, the Massachusetts General Hosjjital, the Boston 
Lying-in IIosi)ital,and 
the Massachusetts 
Charital)le Kye and 
Ear Infirmary. 

The West End is 
bounded roughly on 
the north by Lnrrrft 
Street, on the south by 
Beacon Street and the 
Common, on the west 
by ('hurl en Street and 
the Charles River, an<l 
on the east by Sonier- 
.set Street and Bowdoin 
Scjuare. 

Starting at tiic arch- 
way of the State 
House oviT Mf. I Cr- 
non Street one liiid> 
himself at the corner 
of Hanrnek Street, on 
which are situatc<l 
many of Boston's once 

fashionable residences. Walking westward along Mt. Vernon Street, 
one comes to Joi/ Street. On the corner of this street. Xo. 41 Mt. 
I>r7w>n Street, is the building of the United Society of Christian 
Endeavor. Descending on the right we come to Cambridge Street, 
aufl crossing it continue straight on through Chambers Street, soon 
coming to McLean Street on the left. At this corner stands the 
building used imtil recently as the Hotise of the Good Samaritan, 
at present establishe<l in a fine new building in an attractive part 
of the city. 

\t No. 24 McLean Street, on the left, is the Boston Lying-in 
Hospital. This was organized in ]S',V2 for the care of j)oor and 
deserving women <iuring confintMnent. After several changes in 

S3 




BOSTON l.\ IN(.-IN iiosiMTAL 



84 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

location and mode of administration, the trustees established the in- 
stitution in its present quarters. In 1890 the hospital was enlarged 
to the proportions in which we find it by the purchase of adjoining 
houses, and 55 patients can now be accommodated. The Out- 
Patient Clinic, established in 1881, is at No. 4 McLean Street. The 
branch in the South End is now at No. 14 Rollins Street. In this 
department women are confined at their homes. Students from the 
third- and fourth-year classes at the Harvard Medical School do 
this work, under experienced supervision, and in this way get the 
training in obstetrics required for their degree. During the year 
1920 there were treated in the hospital 1123 patients, there were 
946 deliveries. In the Out-Patient Department 1255 attended and 
2383 patients were treated in the clinics with a total of 7488 visits. 
In 1889 the hospital opened a training school for nurses. 

In 1910 a Prenatal Clinic was estabhshed in the belief that both 
infant and maternal mortality could be reduced and valuable lessons 
in hygiene taught. During the year 1920 over 1200 prospective 
mothers were supervised, this work being much aided by the work- 
ers of the Social-Service Department, which was established about 
five years ago. In addition to the quarters of the Prenatal Clinic 
at 4 McLean Street, near the hospital, there are four branches in 
other parts of the city, each situated in a section where the poor 
can find ready access to it. 

Several years ago plans had been drawn and the funds raised for 
a new building for the Lying-in Hospital on Longwood Avenue, 
corner of Avenne Louis Pasteur opposite the court of the Harvard 
Medical School. The high cost of labor and building materials 
has delayed construction. 

At No. 2 Lynde Street, corner of Cambridge Street, is the recently 
restored Harrison Gray Otis House (1795), across Lynde Street 
from the Old West Church (1806) where Rev. Dr. Cyrus Bartol 
used to preach, the church being used now as a branch of the 
Boston Public Library. The Otis House is the headquarters of 
the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities. 

Walking on to Blossom Street, one finds himself at the Massachu- 
setts General Hospital, the main entrance of which is on Fruit Street 
(continue to the left along Blossom Street, taking the first right). 
With the exception of the Pennsylvania Hospital, it is the oldest 
hospital in the country. It owes its existence to Dr. J. C. Warren 
and to Dr. James Jackson, who were in 1810 soon to become the 
Hersey professors of Anatomy and Surgery and of Theory and Prac- 
tice of Physic, respectively, in the Harvard Medical School. Drs. 
Warren and Jackson together succeeded^in raising the requisite funds 



r.riDE TO BOSTON 



85 



for the enterprise, and the liospital was incorporated Fehruary 25, 
ISll, and opened to patients September o, 1821. During the first 
year of its existence it received substantial ai<l from the State, hut 
with this exception it has been wholly supporte<l by voluntary con- 
tril)Utions from the citizens of Boston and its neigliborhood. 

During the first three weeks of its existence only one i)atient is 
said to have applied for treatment, ami at the end of the first year 
there were but twelve patients in the wards. It grew rai)idly in 
size, however, and during the year 1920 treated in the wards 6614 




MASSACIirSF.TTS GFNFIMI, HOSPITAL, IS.il 

patients. The number of new cases treated in the Out-Patient 
Department during that year was 25,295, ^with a total attendance 
of 165,672. The number of beds in the general hospital is 361. 
The cases treated include medical, surgical, orthopedic, genito- 
urinary, skin, nervous, nose and throat, and children's diseases. 
Patients suffering from medical or surgical diseases are received 
from any part of the United States or the Provinces. Chronic and 
incurable cases are, as a rule, refused admission, and no contagious 
or confinement cases are admitted. There are two surgical and 
two medical services; also there are orthopedic, pediatric, genito- 
urinary, neurological, dermatological, and syphilis services. 

Opposite the entrance to the hospital, on the corner of Xnrth 
Grove Street, is a fine brick building erected in 1913 as a nurses' 
home. This building acconunodates about 100 nurses, with quarters 



86 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

for the superintendent of nurses and other officers of the train- 
ing school. In the so-called Thayer Building, situated back of 
the hospital on Alle?i Street, the rest of the nurses are quartered. 
The Training School for Nurses was started in 1873, and there are 
now nearly 300 young women in training, graduating at the end of 
a three-year course, equipped to take care of the sick or to assume 
responsible positions in hospital administration. 

Entering the hospital grounds, one finds himself in a large semi- 
circular courtyard. On the right is the new Moseley Memorial 
Building, erected in 1915, in memory of the late Dr. William 
Oxnard Moseley, formerly a house pupil, who was killed while 





MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL 
AND HARVAUn 3IEDICAL SCHOOL IN 1852 

mountaineering in Switzerland. The building contains the ad- 
ministrative offices, house-officer's and resident surgeon's and phy- 
sician's quarters, the record room, the Treadwell Library, and a 
large general assembly hall. In the basement is the Emergency 
Ward, where over 5000 patients were admitted during the past 
year. 

On the left of the courtyard is the Out-Patient Building housing 
the male and female medical and surgical departments, together 
with the Skin, Nerve, Laryngological, South Medical (syphilis), 
Dental, Orthopedic, Genito-Urinary, Pediatrics, Massage, Tuber- 
culin, Anaphylaxis, Infantile Paralysis, Diabetic, Posture, Nutrition, 
Vaccine, and Cardiac Clinics. In the basement is the admitting 
office, the record room, and the apothecary shop. There are also 
two large amphitheaters for teaching purposes. 

The record rooms, both "House" and "Out-Patient," should be 
visited, as they are unique and models of their kind. A visit to the 



criDK TO 1U)ST()X 87 

Treadwell Library is also worth wliilf, containing as it <l(x>s not 
only aI»out ton tlioiisand medical hooks an<l the same nnniher of 
|)am|)hlets, hut also an innisually lari;c collectitMi of medical literary 
treasures, tlie accpiisitions of over a hundred years. 

The X-ray Department, house*! in (puirters which have long 
since l)een outL^rown. is certainly worth visiting. Over 13,000 
plates were taken during the jiast year. When one considers that 
the late Dr. Walter J. Dodd. l)eloved l)y all who knew lum, started 
this department only about twenty years ago in a little closet off 
the apothecary shop, that he was one of the pi(meers in this branch 
of science and l)efore his death became one of the leading radiog- 
raphers in this country, one feels like pausing for a moment to 
marvel at the strides which have l)een taken in so short a tune. 
What a pity that as a result of not i)rotecting himself from the 
eflPect.s of a medium then little understood, this martyr to science 
develoi)ed cancer from which he eNcntually died I 

Continuing now through the long, winding corridor, one arrives 
at the original hospital buihling designed by Charles Hulfinch, the 
architect of the present State House, and built of Chelmsford granite. 
When finishe<l, in IMM. it was con>idcrcd the finest edifice in New 
I*'ngland. In ISM) two new wings were added, the whole, with its 
beautiful eolunms and classic i)ro|)ortions nuiking a building of 
surpassing beauty. In the little am|)hitheater un<ler the dome an 
historic event took i)lace, and the visitor is urged tocliml) the three 
flights <tf stairs in order that he nuiy see the birthplace of Surgical 
Anesthesia. The construction and isolation of this nxtm was 
planne«l, so it is said, to prevent, so far as j)ossible. the cries of 
those un<lergoing ojjcrations in j)re-anesthesia days from l)eing 
heard by other i)atients. The room is much the .same as it was on 
the day which made it famous (October If), lS4r)), and is still used 
for clinical lectures to students an<l mirses. In the two gla.ss ca.ses 
are preserved the sjjonges and ai)i)aratus first use<l in giving ether, 
together with the countless surgical instruments of antifjue design, 
u.se<i by the early surgeons of the hospital. Over these cases hangs 
a fine oil i)ainting of the late Dr. John C. Warren who j)erformed 
the first oi)eration in wiiicli ether was use<l. 

The history of Surgical Anesthesia is most interesting. Previous 
to 1S46 ether was regardeii rather as a chemical curiosity, although 
for many years it had been known that ether, when inhaled, pro- 
duced insensil)ility, and many are the amusing experiences and in- 
teresting exi)eriments recounted; but to Dr. W. T. (J. Morton, a 
j)rominent l^oston dentist, its introduc-tion to the world as a cer- 
tain and safe anesthetic is undoubt<'<lly due. No words can express 



(.riDK TO BOSTON 89 

the value to inankiii«l of this discovery. 'Hie story of ether is, 
brieHy, as follows: ' 

After iimumerahle experiments and disheartening failures, Dr. 
Morton became convinced that prt)per pul)iieity for the new dis- 
covery could he attained only through the agency of some leading sur- 
geon, by the performance of an impressive operation in the presence 
of numerous si)ectators. The Massachusetts General Hospital, 
the sole hosj)ital in B()stt)n at that time, naturally suggested itself 
as a desirable place for such an exhibition. Accordingly. 1 )r. Morton 
called ui)on Dr. John (\ Warren, one of the surgeons of the hospital, 
and told lum that he had <iiscovereil something which would pre- 
vent pain during a surgical operation. He <lid not say what it was, 
but begged for an opj)ortunity to employ it in some case in which 
Dr. Warren might be the operator. Dr. Warren, having had a 
general acquaintance with Dr. Morton for a year or two before this 
time, listene<l to this comnumication as one of imi)ortance and 
magnitude, and promised, although at the moment unable to com- 
ply with the re(|uest. to <lo so on the first occasion which offered. 
The hosi)ital at this tune was in a fiourishing condition, an<l in- 
chuled in its staff many note<l physicians. The medical staff con- 
siste<l of Jacob Higclow, Enoch Hale, John H. S. Jackson, Henry I. 
Howditch, John D. Fisher, and Oliver Wen<lell Holmes. The sur- 
gical staff was nuide up of John ('. Warren, (Jeorge Haywanl, 
Solomon D. Townsend, Henry J. liigelow, J. Mason Warren, and 
Samuel Parkman. 

On the morning of October 1.'). \S[{\, a young man named (Gilbert 
Abbott, twenty years old. was brought into the oiK?rating theater 
of the hosi)ital to un<lergo an operation for the removal of a con- 
genital, but superficial, vascular tumor, just below the jaw on the 
.side of the neck. Arrangements for its performance having been 
complete<l. Dr. J. ('. Warren was about to begin, when he paused 
and said: "I now recollect that I promised Dr. M<jrton to give him 
the earliest opportunity of trying a mo<le for preventing j)ain in 
surgical operations; and if the patient consents, I .shall <lefer this 
operation to another day, and invite Dr. Morton to administer his 
preparation." The patient naturally approveil of this proposal. 
The operation was postponed to the following Friday, October 16. 
At the hos])ital on this Friday morning Dr. Warren, having waited 
ten or fifteen minutes, turne<l to those present and said: "As Dr. 
Morton has not yet arrivetl, I presume he is otherwi.se engaged" — 

' For this history of the introduction of ether the wTiter has made extensive use 
of Dr. R. M. Hodges's "A Narrative of Events connected with the Introduction 
of .Surgical Anaesthesia." Boston, 1891. 



90 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

apparently conveying the idea that Morton did not intend to appear. 
This remark created a laugh. Dr. Warren then sat down by his 
patient. Just as he raised his knife to begin, Dr. Morton entered 
with his inhaler, an apparatus on which he had spent no end of 
labor and ingenuity. Having completed his preparations, Morton 
proceeded to administer his compound. "Are you afraid?" he 
said to the patient. "No," replied the young man, "I feel confident, 
and will do precisely as you tell me." The spectators (see the cut 
on page 88, which gives a good view of the persons present, 
and of the little amphitheater as it was on that day) looked on 
incredulously, especially as the patient at first became exhilarated, 
but suddenly, when his unconsciousness was evident, there was a 
start of surprise. Dr. Morton then calmly informed Dr. Warren 
that his patient was ready. As the operation progressed, the utmost 
silence prevailed. Every eye was fixed upon the novel scene in 
eager expectancy and amazement. During the later part of the 
operation, the patient was sufficiently conscious "to move his 
limbs and to utter extraordinary expressions, and these movements 
seemed to indicate the existence of pain, but after he had recovered 
his faculties he said he had experienced none, but only a sensation 
like that of scraping the part with a blunt instrument." This some- 
what imperfect insensibility arose from the fact that as the opera- 
tion had taken longer than was anticipated, Morton had several 
times removed the inhaler from the young man's mouth. While 
the patient was still lying on the table. Dr. Warren turned to the 
audience and said slowly and emphatically, "Gentlemen, this is 
no humbug." He then remarked that a satisfactory test of the 
preparation could be made only by repeated trials, and ended by 
asking Dr. Morton to come to the hospital and administer it again 
on the following day. This first operation occupied about five 
minutes. It was certainly incomplete as a demonstration; there 
were manifest signs of consciousness during the dissection, which 
was not, perhaps, of the most painful description. A powerful drug, 
or even the imagination, as it was said, might have been an ade- 
quate agency in producing the phenomena observed. Dr. J. C. 
Warren himself said it should be placed in the class of cases of 
imperfect etherization. The impression made upon the observ- 
ers was, nevertheless, profound enough for Dr. Henry J. Bigelow 
to say to a physician whom he met as he left the hospital, "I have 
seen something to-day which will go around the world." He lived 
to see this remark prove true. 

The discretion and moral courage which were instrumental in 



92 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

permitting the introduction of a disguised and only partially known 
anodyne into the Massachusetts General Hospital should not be 
forgotten or passed by without mention. Even those who looked 
with no friendly eye on the attitude of Boston in this matter can- 
didly asserted that to the surgeons of this hospital the world owes 
the immediate adoption of the anesthesia of surgery. 

On his way downstairs from the amphitheater the visitor will be 
repaid by glancing at one or two of the medical or surgical wards, 
whose architecture, doors, and fittings are about as they were in the 
old days of 1846. 

Continuing now to the left along the tortuous corridor, one 
comes to a series of small rooms in which the medical research 
laboratories are situated. The activities are many and varied and 
r - will be demonstrated with 

pleasure to those interested. 
Retracing one's steps 
along the corridor and be- 
fore entering the large tiled 
hallway, the visitor may 
find it worth while to stop 
for a moment in the rooms 
of the Social-Service De- 
partment, now in charge of 
Miss Ida M. Cannon. This 
department, ot which the 

MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL , • , , • • i • i 

bu'thplace is in this hos- 
pital, was conceived by Dr. R. C. Cabot, growing from a small 
and apparently insignificant beginning to its present status. So 
important a bridge between hospital and home has this work 
proved to be that it has been taken over completely by the hos- 
pital trustees. This work has now shown itself to be so indispen- 
sable that practically all large and many small institutions have 
established such a department. 

Entering now upon the large hallway, one turns sharply to the 
right, crosses the driveway, and enters the Pathological Laboratory. 
The latter is large and sunny, and complete in all its details. Its 
director, Dr. James H. Wright, or the assistant pathologist. Dr. 
Oscar Richardson, will show to visiting physicians the different 
rooms of the pathological laboratory, the animal room, the chemical 
laboratory, the morgue, and the autopsy room. The laboratories 
were established in 1896, while the morgue and autopsy rooms — 
together known as "The Allen Street House" — date from 1875. 

In the same building is the engine and dynamo room, from which 




(;rii)K 'I'o nosTox 



93 



all tlir lu*atin|; and liKliting is funiislied, not only to the liosjjital, 
Knt also to tlio Massachusetts ('liarital)lo Kye and Kar Infirmary. 

I.cavin^r tiio lai)oratory huildint; an<l returning to the tiled liall- 
\va> , the visitor, if he desires, may inspect the so-called Domestic 
Building, the doors t)f which ojjen on the right. Herein are con- 
tained the storerooms for hosi)ital provisions and supplies of all 
sorts; the house officers', mirses', orderlies', and servants' dining- 
rooms, and the kitchens an<l sleeping (piarters for the maids. 

One now shouM go down the corridor to the surgical amphi- 
theater, op<'ne<l in I'.HIl. To the right as one enters, one sees the 
Laboratory of Surgical Pa- 
thology, and opposite, two 
r()oni> u^cd l»y the house 
officers and mirses, respec- 
tively, in i)rei)aring them- 
selves for o|)erations. \U'- 
yon<l these are four snuiller 
rooms, three being tiie 
etherizing rooms, one for 
each surgical service, an<i 
one i)eing a dark room for 
cystoscopy and the like, 
iieyond these there runs a 
wide marhle corridor, out 
of which oj)ens the large 
main amj)hitheater con- 
taining a fine l)ronze hu i 
of the late Dr. Henry .1. 
Higelow, the hospital's 
deity. Dr. Migelow's name 
is familiar to the profession throughout the world for his devel- 
opment of the art of litholapaxy and of the instrmnents for its 
lierfonmuice, for his anatomical studies of the hip joint, and for 
jjerfecting the method of reduction hy manipulation of <lislocations 
of the hip. From this corridor open also the surgeons' consulting 
and dressing rooms, the sei)arate oi)erating rooms of the surgical 
service.s, and another larger room for septic cases, an<l an instru- 
ment and sterilizing room. On Saturdays the large amphitheater 
is open to the pul)lic, and all operating is done there. On other 
days operations are performed and may he witnessed in the small 
ojjerating rooms. After leaving the Surgical Building, the visitor 
may care to ccmtinue along the corridor to see the <liff"erent surgical 
ward-^, huilt mostiv in the seventies. 







M A> 



rniij.ii' 

ACHISETTS < 



ENKHAL nospITAL 



94 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

The new private ward of the hospital, Phillips House, may be 
readily visited from the position in which the visitor now finds him- 
self. This building was erected in 1917 and named for William 
Phillips, who was the first president of the hospital corporation, 
and a lieutenant governor of Massachusetts from 1812 to 1823. It 
is one of the most complete structures of the kind in the country 
and accommodates 110 private patients. Designed with a view to 
concentrate effort, it brings to the patients all the facilities of a 
large, well-equipped hospital. 

Before leaving the Massachusetts General Hospital it is proper 
to describe the McLean Hospital at Waverley that is under the 
same management. 

The McLean Hospital, known until 1892 as the "McLean Asylum 
for the Insane," was opened to patients in October, 1818, and received 
its name from John McLean, who bequeathed $100,000 to the insti- 
tution. Its charter is the same as that of the Massachusetts General 
Hospital, and it is under the control of the same board of trustees. 
The annual reports of the two institutions are also published to- 
gether. From its foundation in 1818 to 1895 the McLean Hospital 
was situated in the neighboring town of Somerville, in imposing 
buildings designed, like those of the General Hospital, by Charles 
Bulfinch. In 1875 a large tract of land situated on a hill in Waverley, 
in the township of Belmont, was purchased for the use of the hos- 
pital. The situation is one of great beauty. The estate has been 
added to until now it contains 317 acres. In 1895 the hospital was 
moved here from Somerville, and comprised eighteen fine buildings. 
Now there are five buildings for men and seven for women, besides 
administration and service buildings; a total of 32. The effect of 
individual residences is gained by choosing sites for these houses at 
different levels and by adopting for each of them a different style 
of architecture. There are accommodations for 220 patients. All 
kinds of mental diseases are treated. In 1882 a training school for 
nurses was organized; this is open to men and women, who receive 
training in general nursing with special reference to the care of mental 
disease. The hospital is reached by trolley to Waverley from Park 
Street, or by Boston & Maine train to Waverley station. 

As one leaves the Massachusetts General Hospital by way of the 
new Out-Patient Department, he finds himself on Fruit Street, at the 
head of North Grove Street, at the point at which he entered the 
hospital. In passing it may be said that the courtyard, already 
described, was the site, until recently, of the old brick building 
formerly used by the Harvard Medical School, later by the Harvard 
Dental School. The two latter institutions are now housed in 



GUIDE TO BOSTON 05 

spleiulid new (|iiartcrs (loscrilatl elsewhere in tliis hook. A glanee 
at tlie pliotograpli on i)a<;e SO will he of interest, as it shows the 
relation of this old hnilding to the ori<;inal hosj)ital huilding and also 
shows the j)roxiniity in those days of the Charles River, a tidal 
stream, and its marshy hanks. 

Those who are interested may now go down Xi>rt/i drove Street 
a few steps and inspeet the Northern Mortuary, huilt in 1903. It is 
here that the medical examiner for the northern district of Suffolk 
County, Dr. (Jeorge Burgess Magrath, conducts his examinations 
in medico-legal cases. 

Returning from the Mortuary to Fruit Street, and turning to the 
left, one come-; heyond the Out-Patient I)ei)artment of the Massa- 
chusetts Ceneral Ilosjjital to the huilding of the Massachusetts 
Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, Xo. 2.!:! ('Iiarles Strert. This 
institution owes its 
origin tt^ Dr. l!d- 
ward Reynolds and 
Dr. John Jeffries, 
who. in XovcTuher. 
IM'}. ()i)ened a 
small disj)ensary 
in another |)art of 
the town, for gra- 
tuitous treatment 
of the i)oor afilicted 
with diseases of the 
eye. Two years 
later the success of 
the effort was so pyp \>;p ^^n infirmary 

great that the dis- 
pensary was incorporated l)y the Legislature under its i)resent title. 
After two temj)orary head{iuarters, it removed, in ISoO, to a huihl- 
ing at the corner of Cluirles Street and ('(unhrldge Street, torn down 
some years ago. In 18U9 the infirmary, having outgrown its old 
quarters, moved to its jiresent huilding. The infirnuiry receives 
poor i)atients with diseases of the eye and ear; those living in 
Massachusetts heing admitted free unless ahle to pay their hoard. 
Those coming from other states are cliarged for their hoard. There 
are acconmiodations for 210 patients. 

In the fiscal year Octoher 1, 1U19, to Septemher 3. 1020, r^Sr^Cy 
patients were treateil in the wards. In the Out-Patient I)ei)artment 
during that tune 3S,3o5 ophthalmic i)atients an<l 30,71)0 aural 
patients were treated, the figures representing the numlx-r of visits. 




96 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

In addition to the regular wards, there is the Gardner Building, 
used solely for the treatment of contagious diseases of the eye. An 
excellent post-graduate training school, for nurses who are gradu- 
ates of any general hospital training school, is maintained. The 
course is four months, and includes thorough instruction in the care 
of ophthalmic and aiu'al cases. 

Opposite the Eye and Ear Infirmary is the Charlesbank, a part 
of Boston's park system, ten acres in extent. It is an attractive 
bit of ground, designed for the poor of the neighborhood, and con- 
tains a gymnasium, playgrounds, and sand gardens. Turning to the 
right, and walking along Charles Street to the north, past the Charles- 
bank, one soon comes to Leverett Street. Here stood the old Craigie 
Bridge immortalized in Longfellow's poem *'The Bridge." It led 
to East Cambridge. On this site the Charles River Basin Commis- 
sion constructed in 1907 a shut-off dam which converts the river 
above this point into a fresh-water lake with a permanent level. 
The viaduct over the dam carries the elevated railway to East 
Cambridge. Locks are on the Boston side, so that the river may be 
used for commerce. This improvement necessitated carrying all the 
sewers which emptied into the Charles above Craigie Bridge into 
the intercepting sewers, the total expense of the project being very 
great but justified by the beautiful parks that border the river and 
replace unsightly dumps. 

On the corner opposite the Eye and Ear Infirmary stands the 
County Jail, generally known as the Charles Street Jail. 

Walking now along Charles Street to the south, one comes to 
Cambridge Street. At its junction begins the Cambridge Bridge, 
replacing the old West Boston Bridge. It is constructed of steel 
arches, joining massive granite piers, and is by far the most beau- 
tiful of the bridges which cross the Charles River. It is 105 feet 
wide, and carries the elevated and surface tracks, besides roadways 
and sidewalks. It is high enough above the water to permit the 
passage of barges and tugs without a draw. 

On the southwesterly corner of Charles andCamhridge Streets stands 
the new Nurses' Home of the Massachusetts Charitable Eye 
and Ear Infirmary, on the land once occupied by the old Infirmary 
Building. On Charles Street, No. 164, once stood the house which 
was occupied by Oliver Wendell Holmes from 1859 to 1871. It was 
here that he wrote his ''Professor at the Breakfast Table," ''Elsie 
Venner," "The Guardian Angel," and a number of his best poems. 
In later years he lived at No. 296 Beacon Street. 

No. 148 is of unusual interest. It was the home of James T. 
Fields, the publisher, who lived there until his death in 1881. It 



GUIDE TO 1U)ST()X 



97 



was sul>se(|ucntly occiipietl l)y liis widow and Sarali Orne Jewett. 
The lioiise onco ojH'ned its doors to Thackoray and Dickens, and 
their famous contemporaries. Tlie hl)rary was one of the ricliest 
in this country in original manuscripts (inchidin^ tluit of "Tlie 
Scarlet Ix*tter") and first editions. Rare portraits. en<,^ravin<j:s. an<l 
autograph k'tters adorned its walls. 

No. \'M Charles Street deserves a word (»f connncnt. as frou) ls71 
to ISM it was the home of Thomas Bailey AMrich, an<l in these 
years he wrote many of his best hooks, and bejian his editorship of 
the Afhmtii' Motif hi i/. 

Walking along (Imrlrs Street, one comes now, succi'ssi\ely, to 
Revere, Pinck'nei/, Mt. I'ernnn, and Chesttud Streets, which cross 
Charles Street an<l lea<l uj) to Heacon Hill on the one hand, and to 
the Charles Uiver on the other hand. 

Revere and Pinelmii Struts, nucc t';i^liiiiii;ililf in ihrir d.-iy. jirc 
now mostly taken 
up with hoarding- 
houses. It i -^ 
worth one's while 
to wander uj) and 
down Mt. lemon 
Street, as it re- 
tains, even to-<lay. 
nmch of the old- 
fashioned statcli- 
ness for which it 
was once famous. 
Here one may see 
many fine old resi- 
<lences, erected in the early j)art of the last century, of sumptuous 
design and el(Kjuent of refined luxury. 

Near Charles Street one comes to Louisburg Square, connecting 
Mount \'ernon Street \\'\\\\ Pinekneii Street. This Scpiarc recalls in 
many ways a l)it of old London, and is sui)p()se<lly the site of Black- 
stone's Spring. The latter point is in dispute, however, for there 
were many springs in this locality; but it is interesting to know that 
Boston's first settler, William Blackstone, had his orchard in this 
region, and that his homestead was not far off on the slope of the 
hill which faces Boston Common. The S(|uare is surroun<le<l l)y 
fine, dignified houses, of which No. 10 is noteworthy as having been 
the home of Louisa ]\L Alcott. 

At the u|)j)er corner of Pinehnei/ Street and Louisburg S(|uare is 
the " mother house " and chapel of the Sisters of St. Margaret 




i.orisFunn sqi are 



98 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

(Protestant Episcopal), who formerly conducted two private hos- 
pitals in Louisburg Square. In one of them, No. 13, Dr. John 
Homans did much of his pioneer work in ovariotomy. Under the 
Sisters' auspices there is maintained St. Monica's Home, for the 
care of sick colored women at 125 Highland Street, Roxbury. The 
Sisters of St. Margaret also have supervision of the nursing at the 
Children's Hospital on Longwood Avenue. 

If one ascends Mt. Vernon Street to the top of the hill, he comes 
to the arch under the State House from which he started, but before 
this is reached, the visitor passes Walnut Street, and is urged to go 
through this to Chestnut Street for the sake of seeing a quiet bit of 
old Boston. Chestnut Street, down which one now descends, retains 
— perhaps more than any other street in this section — its old 
prestige. Flanked on either side by handsome old houses, many of 
them former homes of famous men, it offers a pleasing contrast to 
those portions of this section seen in the first part of our ramble. 
On Brimmer Street, at the foot of Mt. Vernon Street, is the Church 
of the Advent, one of the chief Protestant Episcopal churches of the 
city. On the corner of Charles and Mt. Vernon Streets stands the 
First African Methodist Episcopal Church, one of the oldest and 
most beautiful of Boston's churches, built during the early part of 
the last century and still in practically its original condition. Owing 
to the recent widening of Charles Street this church has been moved 
back some feet to a new location. Its preservation is a source of 
congratulation to the city. 



TiiK xoirni Kxn 

And JJostox Haubok 

T\\\] Nortli Kiul, tlu' aristocratic court end of colonial Boston, 
rich in historic interest, is to-day wholly a forei^Mi (piarter 
of the city. Very few Imildings of historic interest remain, 
and we can see only where they stoo<l and try to imagine what they 
an<l their (M'ciij)ants were like. It is difficult now, surroim<led hy a 
motley crowd of jabbering foreigners, to jjicture the days of the 
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, when tiiis locality was the 
social center of the Puritan colony. 

Its location can best be iniderstoud by a study of the niaj) of 
Boston as it was in early days before the filliiiL'-in of the surrounding 
waterways. Stan<ling at the corner 
of Ilauoirr an<l Udshingfoti Strrrts, 
we see the fonner street running 
northeast to the harbor front, the 
way to Chelsea, calle«l "Wiimisim- 
met Ferry," the latter <lue north to 
the water's e<lge, and between the 
two a wedge-shaped area which com- 
prises most of the North Knd. 

Where the American House now 
stands — .')() to r»4 Ihinoirr Strrrf- 
lived (leneral Joseph Warren, l)hy- 
sician, orator, j)atriot. wlio fell at 
Bunker Hill, June 17, 177.'). Below 
]\'a,shin(jfon Strcrt on Ilanorrr is 
Union IStrccf, and here are two his- 
toric sites. The Green Dragon Tavern, famous throughout the 
early history of the colony, was situate<l just back of Union Street 
in an alley. Its site (now Xos. S()-S6 Union Street) is marke<l by 
an effigy of a green dragon, set on a brown stone slab about half- 
way up the front wall of an ol<l building. It was the chief meeting- 
l)lace of the early patriots, where much "treason" was hatched. 
Its existence dates from KiSO until about the twenties of the nine- 
teenth century, when the (ircen Dragon Lane was widened to form 
the i)resent Union Street. 

A few steps up Union Street was Marshall's Lane, now known 
as Marshall Street, one of Boston's curious short streets. From 
Marshall's Lane there is another small street, Creek Lane, now 

99 




100 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



called Creek Square, or Public Alley 102, which in early days led 
to the Mill Creek. Here, set into the base of a building, is a rough 
piece of granite, marked Boston Stone, 1737, surmounted by a 
spherical stone. This stone served as a direction for the neighboring 
shops, and was the relic of a paint mill brought out from England 
about 1700. On the corner opposite is an ancient building, where 
was the office of Ebenezer Hancock, deputy paymaster in the Con- 
tinental Army. 

From the left side of Hanover Street, just below Blackstone, is 
Salem Street, narrow^ and winding, and peopled almost entirely by 

Russian Jews. It was the 
' aristocratic street of the 

early colonial days. At 
the corner of Stillman Street 
was the site of the first Bap- 
tist meeting-house, erected 
in 1679 on the border of 
the Mill Pond. The present 
First Baptist Church is 
situated at the corner of 
Commonwealth Avenue and 
Clarendon Street. The Bap- 
tists were a proscribed sect 
in early days and severely 
persecuted, their meeting- 
house being closed and its 
windows and doors nailed 
up by order of the General 
Court. Farther down Salem Street is Prince Street (in part old 
Black Horse Lane), which was the direct way from the North End 
to the Charlestown Ferry, where now is the Charlestown Bridge. 
After the battle of Bunker Hill many of the British wounded were 
brought to Prince Street houses, which w^ere converted into emer- 
gency hospitals. One of these houses, still standing, the Stoddard 
House, No. 130, at present an Italian tenement, is said to be the 
house in which Major Pitcairn died of his wounds. On the westerly 
corner of Prince and Margaret Streets is the house where John 
Tileston lived, the popular master of the oldest North End school, 
the predecessor of the Eliot Grammar School in North Bennet Street. 
Farther down Salem Street is Christ Church ('* Old North"), 
opposite Hidl Street, and in very close proximity is Copp's Hill 
Burying Ground. These, the chief historic landmarks of the North 
End, are dear to the hearts of all true Americans, The "Old 




HKLIFF STATION' 
or THE BOSTON CITY HOSPITAL 



criDK TO 1 BOSTON 



101 



North C'luircli," known tlirou^'liout oiir land as tlit* cluircli from 
whose stt'opli' tlR> lanterns wcri' displayed as a signal to Paul Uovere 
of tile British movements ^ — "One if hv land. an<l two if l)y sea" 



church huildinjj in Boston, 
solidly huilt. its side walls 
arc four floors to the tower, 



— faces Hull Stirrt. It is the oldest 
having l)een erected in 172o. It was 
being two an<i a half feet thick. There 
and from the top (Jeneral (iage 
witnessed the liattle of Bunker 
Hill and the burning of Charles- 
town. There are eight bells in 
the tower, brought over froui 
(doucester, Kngland, in 17H, 
an<l these ring out the most me- 
lodious chunes in Boston ton lay. 
The first si)ire was l)lown down 
in October, ISO.'), but was rebuilt 
exactly as the original from a 
mo<iel by Bulfinch. On the front 
of the steej)le is this inscri|)ti(ni. 
cut into brown stone: *' 77u' or/V//- 
7i(il Unitrrns of P<tiil Rnrrr <lis- 
jdni/nl In the sfcrjilr of this church, 
April IS, 1775, uuirncd the 
coimtru of the march of the British 
troops to I.r.vin(/to>t. and Con- 
cord." The i)aint was rem<n-ed 
from the outside of the church 
in P.M'.I, restoring the red briek 
fini>ii of early days. The in- 
terior of the chiu-ch is but little 
altered. In front of the organ 
are figm*es of the cherubim. 
These, and the brass chandeliers, 
were ca|)ture<l from a French 
shij) and i)rcsented to the church 
in 17')S. The old prayer books 
are still in use, and the silver 
conmiimion service includes sev- 
eral i)ieces i)resent(Ml by King (Jeorge II in 1733. The clock below 
the rail has been in its i)lace since 174G. The earliest monument 
to Washington, a bust by IIou<lun, is here. Beneath the tower are 
a few old tombs, in one of which the body of Major Pitcairn was 
temporarily laid. Tiiis was the second Episcopal cliur<h in Boston 




CIIHIST ( HURCH 



102 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

and is still occupied by that sect, its congregations being made up 
largely of strangers. The sexton, living in an adjoining house, shows 
visitors over the church. Fee, twenty-Hve cents. 

To the south of the church, at the corner of Sheaf e Street, was the 
home of Robert Newman, the sexton of Christ Church, who hung 
the lanterns, and near by, 37 Sheafe Street, is the site of the birth- 
place of Rev. Samuel F. Smith, the author of "America." Directly 
opposite the chin-ch is Hull Street, named for John Hull, maker of 
pine-tree shillings. This street was cut through his pasture lands in 
1701. The Gallop house, built in 1722, and Gage's staff head- 
quarters during the battle of Bunker Hill, was torn down only a 
few years ago. Gallop's Island, in Boston Harbor, was named after 
the owner of this house, and is the site of the present quarantine 
station of Boston. On Salem Street at the corner of Charter is the 
Phips House on the site of the house of Sir William Phips, the first 
Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay in 1692, under 
the charter of William and Mary. His nephew, Lieutenant Gover- 
nor Spencer Phips, lived here in 1749. 

Copp's Hill Burying Ground, on Hull Street, is one of the most 
interesting of the old cemeteries of the city. The North Burial 
Ground, the earliest of four cemeteries on this site, was established 
in 1660, at the same time as the Granary Burying Ground. A visit 
here will well repay the visitor. The British soldiers took great 
pleasure in pistol practice in this burying ground, and many of the 
gravestones show the effects of bullets. A few of the noted graves 
may be mentioned — those of the tlu-ee Mathers; Edmund Hartt, 
the builder of the frigate "Constitution"; Major Samuel Shaw, 
of Revolutionary fame; and the Hutchinsons. The top of the 
hill, which was toward the waterside, has been leveled. It was 
from this elevation that the shell was thrown which set fire to 
Charlestown. 

Leaving the burying ground and crossing Salem Street, through 
Tileston, we come to Hanomr again close by North Square. Al- 
though now a poor, squalid Italian tenement district, the Square 
was once the central point of the North End in its most aristocratic 
days, when shade trees and stately mansions were in evidence. A 
little low wooden house, 19 North Square, is the only present reminder 
of the early years. It is the house marked as the home of Paul 
Revere, in which he lived from 1770 to 1800. This house was built 
soon after the great fire of 1676, on the site of Increase Mather's 
house, which was destroyed in this conflagration. In the upper 
windows of this house on the evening of the Boston Massacre, 
Paul Revere displayed "those awful pictures" which report says 



(illDK TO HOSTON 



lO.i 



"struck the spectators witli solciim silence, wliile their countenances 
were covere<l with a meUuicholy gloom." Tlie house has now heen 
restore<l and preserveil and is open to visitors. 

On tlie nortli side of the S(juare is the site of the first Old North 
Churcji, destroyed by the British during tlie siege of Boston, and 
use<l hy theui for firewocxl. It was the second meeting-house of the 
Second Church in Boston. fomi<k'd in 1()4!). The first edifice was 
hurne<l in the fire of lOTO. It was known as the "Church of the 
Mathers," because presi<le<l over successively hy Increase, Cotton, 
and Samuel — father, scm, and grandson. 

Close to the church, in (iarilni (\)iirt St mi, was the numsion 
of Governor Thomas Hutchinson — a stately colonial house on 
extensive groimds. Close to the Hutchinson .•~,T;iti> w.is the Clark- 
Frankland mansion, well known 
through Edwin Lasseter Bynner's 
"Agnes Surriage." In the wi<lening 
of the i)resent street, ahout 1S;>(), 
most of these houses were torn down. 
North Scjuare was use<l hy the 
British as a military lica<l(|\uirters 
throughout the siege of Boston, the 
officers enjoying the houses of the 
good Bostonians, while barracks 
were erecte<l for the .soldiers. 

To return to Hanover Street again 
we come to liattery Street, and 
through this to Cotntnereial Street 
and its continuation southward. 
Atlantic Arenuc. Here were situ- 
ated shii)yards, extending well along 
the water front, even to the foot of Copp^ 




Hi 



Fame 



)us slnps 



were launched from these yards — the pride of the navy, "Old 
Ironsides," the frigate "Bosttm," and the brig "Argus." Present 
Constitution Wharf marked the site of Hartt's Shi|)building Yar<l, 
where the "Constitution" ("Old Ironsides") was built. 

Before we leave this interesting locality, so fragrant with memo- 
ries of the early days, we must consider the Boston Floating Hos- 
pital. This hosi)ital cares for sick infants an<l young ciiildrcn 
during the summer months, and has a day and also a permanent 
service. There are 100 be<ls for continuous day-an<l-night service 
for sick babies and chihlren under five years of age, ami in addi- 
tion there are over 100 btMls for sick or convalescent babies and 
small children as day patients, when accomi)anicd by their mothers. 



104 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

The work started in 1894 from the efforts of the Rev. Rufus B. 
Tobey. It is the second floating hospital in this country, New 
York having the first. The boat, with its load of sick infants and 
anxious parents, leaves the pier at North End Park, Cojiimercial 
Street, near Battery Station of the Elevated, daily at 9 a.m., and 
steams out into the lower harbor and bay. The poor, sick, air- 
starved babies feel the strengthening breezes of the bay, color re- 
turns, digestion improves with appetite, and on leaving the boat 
at 5 p.m., mother and infant are equipped with a fresh start against 
the evil forces of the city's summer night. The boat ties up at 
North End Park for the night. Of late years the scope of the 
Floating Hospital has been enlarged by a better and larger boat, 
and more recently by the establishment of an ''On Shore" de- 
partment at 40 Wigglesworth Street, near the Harvard Medical 
School, which continues the good work during the winter. The 
office of the Floating Hospital is at 244 Washington Street. 



Boston Harbor 

With the salt sea breezes in our nostrils, and a desire to become 
acquainted with some of our medical institutions, let us board the 
good boat "Monitor" at Eastern Avenue Wharf at 2 p.m., and steam 
about the harbor. As we pick our way among the ferryboats and 
saucy, })usily puffing tugs, avoiding here and there a mighty levia- 
than of the deep, or many-masted vessel for the coasting trade, or 
trim fishing schooner, smothered under a cloud of canvas, we may 
see our city from the waterside, and with the story of its early days 
fresh in our minds, marvel at the wonders wrought by Father Time 
in producing from the peaceful water-surrounded Shawmutt the 
present great metropolis of New England, our Boston. The harbor 
has six miles of docking space with a water depth of thirty feet at 
low tide. In passing down the harbor by the main ship channel note 
on the right the new dry dock and quartermaster's stores at City 
Point, first giving a glance at the Boston Fish Pier and the Com- 
monwealth Docks. Off the tip of City Point is old Fort Inde- 
pendence, now a part of Marine Park. Across the harbor on the 
left are the East Boston docks and farther down, disused Fort Win- 
throp on Governor's Island, and Apple Island where many hulks 
were burned for their iron. Looking back at the city one of the 
most imposing structures to strike the eye is the stately tower of 
Boston's new Custom House, which with its clocks by day and its 
lights by night serves as a convenient landmark both to those on 
shore and those coming in from the sea. 



(U'lDK TO m)STOX lO.') 

Our first st()i)|)iii<;-i)la(e is Deer Island, where is situated tlie 
House of Correction, now fallen into i)artial disuse since the a<lvent 
of i)rohil)ition. Here tlie prisoners have a Mutual Welfare Leaj^ue 
along the lines laid down hy Thomas ]\Iott Oshorne, previously in 
charge of the Xaval Prison at Portsmouth Xavy Yard, Auburn 
Prison, and at Sing Sing, N. Y. The i)risoners themselves take 
charge of offenses against prison rules. It is said to be operating 
successfully. The adjoining hospital of 100 beds is closed at present, 
the patients being sent to the Long Island Hosi)ital. Farther down 
tlie harbor, between Fort Warren on (ieorge's Island an<l the head 
of Long Island, is the Quarantine Hospital, on (ialU)i)'s Island, since 
191.') in charge of the I'nited States Public Health Service. Next 
to it is Lovell's Island where Fort Standish and a buoy station are 
situated, and ott' it is Bug Light, of many legs, helping to mark the 
main shi|) chamiel. The Port Pliysician has his head(|uarters on 
(lallop's Island, and the buildings scattered oxer the island are 
for those afHicte<l with contagious diseases found aboard vessels 
entering the harbor. There are 07") beds altogether. Those who 
have followed the sea will note Nix's Mate beacon off Long Island 
Head. Deer Island Light, projecting from the water near the 
<haiuiel. Boston Light on Little Hrewster Island, an<l to the east 
the Graves Light on a ledge marking the entrance to the harbor by 
the Broad Sound ("hannel. 

Returning toward the city by the southerly side of the harbor, we 
come to Long Island, with its hospital and almshouse under the 
management of the C'onnnissioner of Institutions. The hospital 
supports 4!)() be<ls, caring mostly for chronic and incurable diseases. 
An unportant service to the community as well as to the patients is 
rendere<l by the efficient care of cases of tuberculosis, incij)ient and 
advanced. Fort Strong is on this island, as well as a lighthouse on 
Long Island Head, ten acres of the island belonging to the United 
States (lovernnient. 

On Rainsford Island was the Suffolk School for Boys, formerly 
called House of Kefornuition, until it was closed by the City in 
1U20. There was a small hospital there for the sick boys of the 
settlement. There is a Farm and Trades School on Thompson's 
Island which is the large island nearest to City Point. This is a 
private charity where boys taken from the streets are taught oc- 
cupations and carry on a model commimity. 

All these institutions have resident i)hysicians or house officers, 
an<l in addition a visiting staff made uj) from among the leading 
I)hysicians of Boston. 

If time serves, the captain of our steamer may land us at Moon 



106 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

Island in Dorchester Bay, where are situated the storage basins 
and the outfall of the great southern intercepting sewer of the 
Metropolitan Sewerage System. This sewer drains the valleys of 
the Charles and Neponset rivers; the northern sewer, serving the 
towns of the Mystic valley, discharges at Deer Island. The southern 
sewer was begun in 1876, and has a finely appointed pumping sta- 
tion, at Cow Pasture Point in Dorchester, that will well repay a 
visit. 

Once more we board the "Monitor," and arrive at the Eastern 
Avenue Wharf at 5.20 p.m., just as the sun is bathing in golden light 
the western half of the Gilded Dome. 

If one takes a steamer for Nantasket from Rowe's Wharf, he 
passes the islands mentioned, and just beyond Thompson's Island 
he will note Spectacle Island, so named from its shape. Here is 
a large rendering establishment, the last stage for the city's dead 
horses, occasionally making itself noticeable to the olfactory senses 
of Bostonians when wind and atmospheric conditions happen to be 
favorable. 

Paddocks Island, opposite Hidl, is the southerly limit of Hull Gut, 
through which the tides course swiftly on their way in and out of 
Quincy Bay. On the island is Fort Andrew, while Fort Revere is 
at Point AUerton, marking the outermost limit of the harbor across 
the main ship channel from the gleaming white tower of Boston 
Light on Little Brewster Island. The first lighthouse was erected 
on the island in 1716 when George Worthy lake was its keeper. 
He and his wife and daughter were drowned November 3, 1718, and 
Benjamin Franklin wrote his ballad, "The Lighthouse Tragedy," 
in consequence. The lighthouse, much injured by fire in 1751 and 
on several occasions during the Revolution, was totally destroyed 
by the British after their evacuation of Boston in 1776. A new 
lighthouse was built in 1783; refitted and repaired, it is the tower 
of to-day. The Light Station established by the town of Boston, 
was taken over by the United States Government in 1790. At the 
time of the destruction of Minot's Ledge lighthouse in 1851 the 
tide rose so high that the two keepers of the Boston light had to 
be rescued from the tower by one of the pilot boats. 

Anchored off Nantasket Roads where the "Mary and John" 
bringing a freight of settlers dropped anchor in 1630, is the Boston 
Lightship with a red hull and the word "Boston" on its side so 
that the voyager may know he has arrived off "The Hub." 



( lIAin.KSTOWX AND CHELSEA 

CllAULKSTOWX lies across the Charles Kiver from tlie 
North End, and may be readied by the Elevated trains or 
))y surface cars. To tlie right of the Charlestown Bridge 
which carries tlie Elevat(^<l trains and most of the passenger traffic, 
may be seen the docks of several lines of trans-Atlantic steamers. 
Up to the year 17S() there was no bridge to Charlestown, only the 
ferry which heli)ed to sui)p()rt Harvard College from its tolls. The 
Boston end of the ferry was near the site of one of the present works 
of the Boston Consoliilated (las Company. 

The few points of interest worth secini: in ( liarlcstown can ])c 
easily reached by walking from the 
Th(mipson Scpiare Station of the 
Elevated Railroad. In the old 
burying ground on I'/tijjp.s Stmt, 
near by. is a monument to John 
Harvard, erected by several of the 
Alumni of tiie College in 1S2S. 
Tombstones in this groimd were all 
that was left standing (jf Charles- 
town wiu'n it \va^ burned bv the 
British in !<<.>. On Mam Street, 

near 1 homps.)n N,uare. is the house ,,„ .hlkstow.v navy yahd 
in which S. F. B. Morse, the in- 
ventor of the electric telegraph was born in 17'.»1. It is marked by 
a tablet. 

Walking back to City Square, one finds himself in the part wiiich 
was first settled in I (ill! I. On the west side of the Scpiare stood the 
Governor's house, where in IGiJO, the "Court of Assistants" de- 
ci<led on the founding and the name of the a<ljacent town of Boston. 

Oil the slojie of the hill rising behind the present Charlestown 
branch of the Public Library, in early days called "Town Hill," 
was tlic lot owned by John Harvard, and on it stjxxl his house near 
where Main. Sfnrf now begins. At the foot of the hill, near the 
northern eiui of the Scpiare, there once existe<l a cemetery, and here 
it is supposed was John Harvard's grave, but all trace of it has 
been lost. 

One now goes down Water Street to the corner of Wapijing Street, 
where stands the main entrance to the Charlestown Navy Yard, 
dating from ]S(){), two years after the establishment of the United 
States Navy Department. \'isitors are adinitte<l <laily by passes 

107 




108 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



obtained from the office of the Captain of the Yard (Building 39). 
It is better to make arrangements in advance by telephone. The 
Navy Yard, one hundred and ten acres in extent, occupies Moul- 
ton's Point, where the British troops landed before the battle of 
Bunker Hill. The Yard contains many features of interest — 
among them the famous old frigate ** Constitution," a large rope 
walk, still in active operation, the old granite dry dock and the 

newer concrete dry dock com- 
pleted August 1, 1905, at an 
expense of over a million dollars, 
and the Marine Museum. 

The United States Naval 
Hospital is in Chelsea, just be- 
yond the Charlestown Bridge. 
It is connected with the Navy 
Yard and affords care and med- 
ical treatment to sick and dis- 
abled men of the naval service. 
It is thoroughly up to date and 
progressive, and its medical 
equipment includes every de- 
partment of a first-class modern 
hospital except hydrotherapy. 
Its groimds comprise ninety- 
seven acres, situated on a height 
overlooking the Mystic River 
and the Harbor. There are 
fifty-eight separate buildings, 
housing an equipment which, 
except for electricity, is com- 
plete for a self-contained plant. 
There are 800 beds. The prop- 
erty was the first purchased by the United States Government for 
Naval hospital purposes in 1828, and the first building was erected 
in 1832. In 1861 there was erected on the slope of the hill a mas- 
sive main building of granite, now used as the quarters for nurses. 
Visitors are always welcome. 

The United States Marine Hospital (1798), now United States 
Public Health Service Hospital No. 2 is on High Street in Chelsea, 
near the Naval Hospital. It furnishes medical and surgical relief 
to the sick and disabled of the American mercantile marine and to 
ex-service men. It has 150 beds and an out-patient service. The 
interior of the building has recently been extensively remodeled 




BUNKER HILL MONUMENT 



r.riDE TO BOSTON 100 

and tlie equlpmont placed upon a tliorou^dily niodorn hasi-^. An- 
otluT hospital in Clit'Isea is tlie senii-piil)li<" Rufus S. Frost Hospital 
at liiiliiujham and Highland Streets, estahlishod in 1S!)(). It has 
fi") lu'ils. On to]) of PowiU'rhorn Hill is the large huilding of the 
Massachusetts Soldiers' Home, formerly a siunmer hotel. 

Bunker Hill Monument is hy far the most worthwhile of Bos- 
ton's sights. It is reached hy the Klevated to Thomjjson S(|uare. 
The monument stands on Breetl's Hill, where the great battle was 
fought. Monument Airnue leads to the main entrance of the 
groun<ls. 

A hronze statue of Colonel WilUam Prescott, hy \V. \V. Story. 
ISSl, attracts innnediate attention. It stands ahout on the 
site where the gallant leader stood at the opening of the hattle. 
There is also a marhle statue of Dr. Joseph Warren who fell at tlie 
battle, hy Henry Dexter. It was erected in IS.")?. The s|)ot where 
Warren fell is nuirked hy a stone in the ground near the hxlge. 
The monument itself occui)ies the site of a corner of the American 
fortifications. It is built of (^uincy granite brought from a (|uarry 
in the town of that name by the first railroad laid in this country. 
The monument is '2'2\ feet high. an<l '.'A) feet s(|uare at the base. It 
was begun in \S'2'), the corner stone being laid with great ceremony 
by Lafayette, while Daniel Webster delivered the oration. .Vftcr 
a period of idleness covering nearly twenty years, the efforts of 
pul)lic-.spirited .American women raise<l funds with whi<h the work 
eouhl be carrietl on. The monument was complete<l in IS 42, and at 
its de<lication on .Imie 17, lS4i>, Webster delivere«l another oration. 
A spiral Hight of 2\)i stone .stejjs leads to the top of the structure, 
whence from the observatory a grand and far-reaching view is ob- 
taine<l. Bunker Hill itself is north of Breed's Hill, near where the 
Klevated Kaih-o;id i'\u\^. and its snnuiiit i-^ callcij Charlestown 
Heights. 



EAST BOSTON 

EAST BOSTON, across the harbor, comprising two islands, 
Noddle's and Breed's, is a place of docks and factories. It 
was once famous for its shipyards, where the first clipper 
ships w^ere built. Many of the trans-Atlantic Steamship lines have 
their wharves here. 

East Boston is reached most conveniently by the tunnel, which 
may be entered at Scollay Square, and extends under Court and 
State Streets. Where it crosses Atlantic Avenue there is a station 
which has elevators to take passengers to the Elevated Railway. 

Under the harbor the top 
of the lowest part of the 
tunnel is 60 feet below mean 
low-water mark, and the 
tunnel is nearly level. It 
has walls of concrete and 
is 23 feet wide and 20 M 
feet high, and carries two 
electric railway tracks. The 
total length of the tunnel, 
from Scollay Square to 
Maverick Square in East 

RELIEF STATION OF BOSTON -„ ^ . .. ' ^ » ^ 

CITY HOSPITAL ^«f ^^^ f ^^^0 J^et. 

In Belmont Square, be- 
tween Sumner and Webster Streets is the site of the house of Samuel 
Maverick, the earliest settler, and later the site of a fort. 

The East Boston Relief Station, at 14 Porter Street, was opened in 
October, 1908. It is a department of the Boston City Hospital and 
was established for the temporary relief of all classes of accident 
and disease. It is open at all hours. A resident surgeon and as- 
sistant resident surgeon have immediate charge, with members of 
the Staff of the Boston City Hospital in readiness for emergency 
calls at any time. There are 10 beds for patients requiring ward 
treatment. The number of ward patients treated during the year 
1920 was 383; the number of out-patients treated during the 
same period was 10,308. There is an ambulance service which 
cooperates with the ambulance service of the central hospital in 
the South End. 

The Maverick Dispensary is at 18 Chelsea Street, an institution 
supported by private subscriptions. It is a Health Center, though 
not yet fully developed, and an effort is made to w^ork rather 

110 




OriDK 'I'O 1U)ST()\ 



1 II 



intensively, esj)efially among eliildren. A elinic for under-nour- 
ished eliildren is gi^i"^ some very satisfactory results, as sliown 
by gain in weight of the little patients. In 1010 there were 
treateil 475 oases (367 children) with a total of 11,440 visits to 
the Dispensary. 

Wood Island Park of the Metropolitan Park system, a tract of 
.").') acres, is on the easterly horder of East Boston. It is not far 
from licnninyfon Street, the direct way from the South Ferry station 
to Revere Ik'ach, should one i)refer to take this route hy automo- 
hile rather tlian tlu-ough tiie inland i)ark system. 





F 





PRESC'OTT STATUE 



BUNKEU HILL 



SOUTH BOSTON 

SOUTH BOSTON is a large residential section and is also a 
place of docks and factories. Take cars at Park Street Un- 
der. On Dorchester Heights, reached from Dorchester Street 
near Broadway, is a monument commemorating the erection of tlie 
American fortifications which forced the British to evacuate Boston, 
March 17, 1776. 

On the easterly slope of this hill, now called Telegraph Hill, on 
Broadway, is the Municipal Building, where stood formerly the 

Perkins Institution 
for the Blind, 
founded by Dr. 
Samuel G. Howe in 
1S29. Recently the 
institution has been 
removed to beauti- 
ful groimds in Wa- 
tertown. On the 
westerly slope of 
Telegraph Hill com- 
manding an exten- 
sive view of the 
har})or and city, is 
the Carney Hospital 
on Old Harbor Street. 
It was founded 
through the gen- 
erosity of Andrew 
Carney, a merchant 
of Boston, who pre- 
sented the land to the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, in 
1863. Subsequent benefactions of Mr. Carney and his relatives 
amounted toS75,000, but the institution is not endowed. The hospital 
supports 215 beds with separate services for medicine, surgery, gyne- 
cology, obstetrics, ophthalmology, oto-laryngology, and orthopedics. 
There is an extensive Out-Patient Department in a separate build- 
ing, in which are treated over 15,000 patients a year. It was in this 
hospital that the late Dr. John Homans first demonstrated to the 
profession in New England the possibility of operating successfully 
upon ovarian tumors. 

At the harbor end of the district is Marine Park of the Boston 

112 




CARNEY HOSPITAL 



(.11 DK TO HOSroN li;:! 

piihlic park system, a favorite reereatioii ^^roiind in the suininer. 
Here is tlie Aquarium, a pond, and a beautiful boulevard on the 
water's e<lge. 'Tis a fine j^oint from which to see the shipping en- 
tering and leaving the harbor. Any City Point trolley goes there. 
A long bridge connects Fort Independence on Castle Island (a dis- 
use<l (lovernment fortification cedc<i to the city for j)ark purposes) 
with the boulevard, an<l from City Point the i)arkway extends along 
('oluml)i(i Road to Franklin Park an<l the Blue Hills of Milton, which 
nuiy be seen in the distance, to the south. 

Near the A(|uariuni, facing the harbor, is a statue of Admiral D. 
G. Farragut, by Kitson, an<l a hea<l house an<l j)ier, the scene of 
many picnics. Along the boulevard are several yacht club houses. 
an<l in sununer the bay is covere<l with small craft. Jiist before the 
Parkway leaves the water's e<lge and turns inland is McNary Park, 



JUi _ III 




■■•■■• I iin 



tii 

" ■ ■ III III 1 
s 



< w.\lM...\U KAI.IH riKlC 

a large playground made from Dorchester Hay by dredging and 
filling in the flats. Ivxtending from this point into the bay is a 
neck of land and a roadway terminating at the main i)um|)ing 
station of the southern division of the great intcrce|)ting sewer of 
the city, an<l also one of the works of the Boston Consolidated (las 
Company. 

At the foot of L Street is a public bath o|)en the year round. 
Crowded in the hot days with men, boys, women, and girls enjoying 
the i)leasure of a swim, it is used by a few hanly men during the 
coldest <lays. Photographs exist showing one foolish man swim- 
ming among the floating ice cakes. There are no views of the 
glassed-in corner where a man suns himself after a brief (lij). 

The South Boston water front has always been imi)ortant, and 
the Commonwealth Docks with the new Dry Dock built by the 
State, the largest on the Atlantic Coast, are worth inspection. 
Near by are the United States Army Quartermaster's Storage 
Buildings erected during the (ireat War, and toward the city 
proper the large new Fish Pier, the center of the fishing industry. 






DORCHESTER 
Also Hyde Park, Sharon, Norfolk 

RUNNING southeast from the Dudley Street Station of the 
Boston Elevated Railway is the district known as Dor- 
/ Chester. It is a place of homes. The largest town in New 
England in 1634, it was annexed to Boston in 1870 and now has a 
population of 150,000. On Dudley Street at the beginning of Blue 
Hill Avenue are the buildings of the Little Sisters of the Poor, the 
site of the former home of Enoch Bartlett, famous for his Bartlett 

pears. Dorchester may be reached 
also from the Andrew Square 
terminal station of the Cambridge 
timnel, taking the cars at Park 
Street Under. At the junction of 
Boston Street, Columbia Boad, and 
^MjL^ Massachusetts Avenue, the long 

"<j^i^%. highway that stretches through 

Cambridge to Lexington and Con- 
cord, is a statue of Edward Ever- 
ett, by W. W. Story, that was 
removed from the Public Garden 
when the name of Edward Everett 
Square was given to this meeting 
of streets. On the east side of 
the Square is " Ye Olde Blake 
House," built in 1648 and occu- 
pied by the Dorchester Historical 
Society. Here are colonial and 
Civil War relics. In front of the 
house is the Old Dorchester Mile 
Stone, 173 years old. The house is open on Tuesdays, Thursdays, 
and Saturdays from 2 to 5 p.m. Free. 

Continuing along Columbia Boad one comes at Stoughton Street 
and Uphams Corner, a sub-district of Dorchester, to the Dorchester 
North Burying Ground. This was established by the town in 1633. 
Here lie the remains of Richard Mather, founder of the Mather 
family, William Stoughton, the chief justice in the Salem witch- 
craft trials, and many of the early settlers. There are curious 
epitaphs. Trolley cars on Hancock Street bring us to Meeting- 
House Hill where the church, a replica of a former building 

114 




Dr. M. D. Miller, Photo. 

FIRST PARISH CHURCH 
MEETING-HOUSE HILL 



(illDK TO BOSTON 



115 



destroyetl l)y fire, is a fine example of a New Eni^laiul meetiiig-hoiise 
of the early nineteenth century and a snccessor to the first church 
on this site in lO.'U. There is a collection of interesting relics here. 
The church has had a distinguished succession of ministers begin- 
ning with Richard Mather in Kio'). There is a fine collection of 
communion silver, and the hell is one of the oldest in the country. 
The church is open ci'crii morning, crccpt Satiirda}/, without fee. 
(Joing uj) Cnshing Arenne l)esi<le St. Mary's l^|)i-^(•()|)al Chunli at 
l'j)hams Corner one comes to St. Margaret's Maternity Hospital 
at Xo. 9(). It was openeil hy the Sisters of Charity of Saint \'incent 
de Paul in 191 1 and has a capacity of AO IhmIs, mostly i)rivate rooms. 
It is c()nnecte<l with the a<ljacent St. Mary's Infant Asylum and 
Lying-in Hospital, at Xo. 00, organized in 1872 by the same Order, 
with a cai)acity of 1(10 beds. 
On Qiiinci, Street, Xo. 42N. 
near Magnolia Street, is the 
"Free Home for Consump- 
tives in the City of Boston, 
Inc." It was establislu'd in 
1SI)2 and has 110 l)eds. A 
Dorchester Avenue car to- 
ward Milton Lower Mills 
reaches the Boston Home 
for Incurables at 20 M) Dor- 
chester Arenue. This is a 
semi-public institution de- 
voted to the care of the 
poor who are afllictcd with incurable diseases. It was foundccl in 
1S22 and has .")() beds. Not far bcyontl. at 21.")0 Dorchester Arenue, 
is the Convalescent Home <>f tiic Boston City Hospital, with its 
.■^f) beds. 

On the side of Dorchester next to Franklin Bark, at 42.") Ilorrurd 
Street, reached by Matta|)an trolley cars, or tiie New "i'ctrk, Xcw 
Haven & Hartford Railroad to Forest Hills, is the Boston State 
Hospital of the Massachusetts Department of Mental Diseases. It 
is devoted to the care of the insane having settlement in Boston. 
This large hospital, which was formerly owned and managed by 
the City of lioston, is now a State institution, having been pur- 
chase<l by the State in 190S. At the tune the hosi)ital i)assed into 
State care it had a capacity for 7G4 patients. It has been devcloj)ed 
until at i)resent about 2000 persons are under supervision. Pierce 
Farm or West Group, on ]]'a!l: Hill Street, is for men. and Austin 
Farm or East Group, on llurvurd Street near Blue Hill Avenue, is 




« <>.N\ AI.I.->< l.\ 1 IK 'All. 
BOSTON CITY HGSPIT.VL 



116 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

for women. The visitor who is interested in psychiatry would do 
well to visit this progressive institution. 

In Grove Hall, another sub-district of Dorchester, at 560 Blue 
Hill Avenue, is the Palmer Memorial Hospital of 40 beds, for 
chronic cases. This was named for Mrs. Jennie C. Palmer, was 
formerly the CuUis Consumptives' Home, and is now in charge of 
the New England Deaconess Association. 

The Consumptives' Hospital Department of the City of Boston 
is at 249 River Street, Mattapan, another sub-district of Dorchester. 
This was established in 1906. On an estate of 55 acres fronting on 
the Neponset River there are three ward buildings accommodating 
234, four cottage wards for 127, and the children's ward for 65. 
The Out-Patient Department is at 13 Dillaway Street, off Hollis 
Street in the South End, where frequent clinics are held, both day 
and evening. The main office of the trustees is on the tenth floor 
of the City Hall Annex on Court Street. 

At Hyde Park, still another district of the city, corner of Gordon 
Avenue and Hale Street, is the semi-public charity, the New England 
Peabody Home for Crippled Children, established in 1894. Here a 
home is provided for destitute crippled children with a school and 
manual-training department connected. The after care of infantile 
paralysis and the sun treatment of bone tuberculosis are special 
features of the home. There are 40 beds. 

The Sharon Sanatoriimi for cases of incipient pulmonary diseases 
is at Sharon, Massachusetts, eighteen miles from Boston, on the 
Providence Division of the New York, New Haven & Hartford 
Railroad. Capacity, 43 beds. It w^as first opened for patients 
February 9, 1891, and was founded by Dr. Vincent Y. Bowditch 
on the principles laid down in Germany by Brehmer at Goerbers- 
dorf, and by Dettweiler at Falkenstein, and in America by Tru- 
deau at Saranac Lake, New York. It was at first unique in that it 
lies at only about two hundred and fifty or three hundred feet 
above the sea level, only twelve miles from the seacoast, and in 
the harsh, changeable climate of New England, which up to recent 
years has been considered most unfavorable for the treatment of 
such cases. It was the first institution of its kind in New England, 
and is intended for women of very limited means who are in the 
early stages of pulmonary disease. 

The United States Public Health Service Hospital No. 34 is at 
East Norfolk on the New York, New Haven & Hartford Rail- 
road. This was formerly the Norfolk State Hospital for Inebriates 
and Drug Habitues. The grounds and buildings are new. There 
are 200 beds, many of them occupied by epileptics. 



TIIK Uoxhury District, full of intert'st liistorioally, is now. as 
ill earlier years, a place of resi<iences. In HVM) settlers who 
came over with Winthrop took up their ahode here, es- 
tahlishiiig themselves near the present Eliot Square. It was called 
Kockshury or Uockshorou^h, from the j^rcat 1(m1<,m- of rocks runnint; 
throu^'h it. the so-calle<l Koxhury i)U(l<lin<;-stone. One recalls the 
lejiend of the ^iant, familiar to a former generation of Boston 
children, throu^di Dr. Holmes's j)oem: 

II f hrnuglit them a jntdding siiiffcd with plums. 

As big as the State House dome; 
Quoth he, " There's something for you to eat. 
So stop your mouths with your lection trent. 

And w(tit till your dad comes home." 

W'hfit (ire those lone ones doing now. 

The wife and the children siul ^ 
0, they are in a terrilde rout. 
Screaming and throwing their jnidding ahout. 

Acting as they were mad. 

They Jlung it orer to Hoxliury hills. 

They flung it orer the jdain. 
And all over Milton and Dorchester, too. 
Great lumps of pudding the giants threw. 

They tundiled as thick as rain. 

Giant and mammoth hare passed away. 

For ages have floated hy; 
The suet is hard as a marrow hone. 
And every plum is turned to a stone. 

But there the puddings lie. 

The early settlers were of good stock, educatcfl and ahle. In liVM 
came John Kliot. the apostle to the Indians. On the hill then known 
as Meeting-House Hill, now Eliot Square, at Ro.xhury and Dudley 
Streets, was erecte<l in 16.')2 the first meeting-house. Its roof was 
thatche<! and the walls unplastered; there were no pews or spire, 
hut about it centered the life of the village. By law the settlers were 
compelled to live within one-half mile of the church for protection 

117 



118 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



against the Indians. For sixty years John EHot preached here. 
He was buried in the Eliot Burying Ground at the corner of 
Washington and Eustis Streets, as well as the Dudleys. On the 
north side of the Square is still standing the parsonage built by the 
Rev. Olin Peabody in 1750. Here was Town Street, now Roxhury 
Street. 

An interesting landmark is St. Luke's Home for Convalescents, 
at No. 149, occupying a house over one hundred years old. This 
Home, established in 1872, is a charity supported by the Episcopal 

churches of Boston. It gives 
shelter to women in a convales- 
cent stage, and can accommo- 
date 26 patients. A board of 
visiting physicians look out for 
the medical needs of the inmates. 
At No. 125 on this street is 
St. Monica's Home for sick 
colored women and children 
under the care of the Sisters of 
St. Margaret (Protestant Epis- 
copal). It was founded in 1888 
and has 22 beds. 

On the south side of the Square 
is the Norfolk House, at one time 
a noted hotel, and south of this 
is the site of the Roxbury High 
Fort, of Revolutionary interest. 
Here is now a landmark in the 
nature of a disused water tower, 
or "Stand Pipe," 293 feet high, 
painted white, built in 1869, and 
now used as an observatory. On the balcony railing are tablets 
pointing to the different fortifications used during the siege of 
Boston. 

On the westerly side of the Square, near Centre Street, is the Part- 
ing Stone, marked ''The Parting Stone, 171^.1^, P. Dudley." This stone 
marked the way in one direction to Cambridge and Watertown, 
and in the other to Dedham and Rhode Island. 

Taking the road to the west from Roxbury Crossing toward 
Brookline, over what is now Mission Hill, we pass the Mission 
Church, built by the Redemptorist Fathers in 1869. Farther on 
at 841 Huntington Avenue is a large group of buildings — the House 
of the Good Shepherd, a Catholic institution for wayward girls and 




Dr. M. D. Miller, Photo. 

PARTING STONE, ROXBURY 



GUIDK TO BOSTON 



119 




Nvoiiu'ii. witli a very large laiin<Iry estal)IishnK'nt. ()i)posite this is 
Parker Hill, or "(Ireat Hill," as it was called. tVoin the summit of 
which one obtains a glorious view of Boston an<l the harbor and may 
inspect the many hosj)itals that are situateil there. John Parker 
once lived on top of the hill, whence its name. 

Bordering the jjarkway on the east is the Vincent Memorial 
Hospital for women, with a staff of women i)iiysl(ians. It was 
founded by a gift from Mrs. J. R. \'incent, the actress of the old 
Boston Museum Stock Company in ISDO. It has 22 beds. Next 
to this is the Boston Nursery for Blind Babies, of 2.') beds, fronting 
at 147 South Iliinfinyfon Airniic where the 
electric cars run. The other buildings near at 
hand are a home for old ladies, under the aus- 
l)ices of the E|)iscopal Church, an<l the Home 
for Little Wanderers. 

Starting from l^liot S(|uare and i)roeeediiig 
east, we come to the Dudley Street Terminal 
an<l Warren Sfrrrf. Just back of the Peoj)lc's 
Bank on the south si«le of the terminal, on 
Diidlri/ Strnf, is the site of the home of John 
EUot, noted i)reacher for sixty years, first 
niis-sionary to the Indians, translator of tlir 
Bible into the Indian language, one of tlu' 
foun<lers of the Uoxbury I-'ree School — 
"In zeal e(|ual to St. Paul, in charity to 
St. Francis." Taking Wdrrrn Street south, 
the way to Braintree and Plynunith, we 
find .some interesting landnuirks. At Warren 
I'laee, on a fann of seven acres, was the Warren 
homestead, built in 1720 by Joseph Warren, grandfather of Ceneral 
Joseph Warren. Trooi)s were quartered here during the siege of 
Boston. On the site of the old homestead Dr. John C. Warren 
ereete<l in IS-Ki a st(me building as a i)erj)etiud memorial; and on 
Jiuie 17. l'.)()4, a bronze statue in the scjuare, the gift of the citizens, 
was <ledicated to General Joseph Warren — "Physician, Orator, 
Patriot, killetl at Bunker Hill, June 17th, 1775." At the present 
time this is the geograj)hical center of the City of Boston {Walnut 
and We.st minuter Arenue.s). 

Close by, on Kearsagr Avenue, is the Roxbury Latin School, 
founded in 1645 as the Roxbury Free School and still a leading 
preparatory school. 

At the corner of Tohnan Place and Warren Street stands the 
oldest house in Roxbury, built in 1CS3. 



!>I I'll \V\HUK..\ 



120 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



At 45 Townsend Street is the Beth Israel Hospital. A general hos- 
pital of 56 beds, established in 1911. It is reached by Humboldt 
Avenue trolleys from the Dudley Street Station of the Elevated. 

The chief street that leads from the park system to the south is 
Morton Street. Over it there is much automobile travel. On the right, 
after leaving Forest Hills is the beautiful Forest Hills Cemetery, 
with its crematory and chapel on Walk Hill Street, one of the two 
chief cemeteries of the city. 

On Dimock Street, off Columbus Avenue extension from Roxbury 
Crossing, is seen the New England Hospital for Women and Chil- 
dren, founded in 1862. Its beginning was due very largely to the 




NEW ENGLAND HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN 

efforts of Dr. Marie Zakrewska (1829-1902). Its object was and is 
now: 1. To provide for women medical aid of competent physicians 
of their own sex. 2. To assist educated women in the practical 
study of medicine. 3. To train nurses for the care of the sick. It 
is a general hospital of 178 beds, vigorous and proud of its history. 
There are a dozen buildings well situated on a tract of nine acres 
of upland. Its active medical staff is com])osed entirely of women 
physicians. The Out-Patient Department has recently been moved 
from 29 Fayette Street, South End, to the hospital. Here was estab- 
lished in 1872, the first training school for nurses in America. The 
training of nurses was carried on to a limited extent from the first. 
In 1872 the first regular training school for nurses was organized by 
Dr. Susan Dimock who had studied the training-school methods in 
Germany and England. The school offered instruction in the three 
departments of medical, surgical, and obstetrical nursing. 

The Salvation Army maintains a general hospital and dispensary 
at 87 Vernon Street, Roxbury, reached by any Tremont Street trolley 
car. Here it has a "Poorman's" drug store and daily medical, 
surgical, and dental clinics. 



•lAMAK A ri.AIX AND W KST KOXHrRV 
Aix) Dkdham 

Sor'mWKST of lJ()\l)ury. ill what was West U(>xl)ury. lies 
Jamaica Plain. It is naclied hy trolley cars from Park 
Street or from the l)u<lley Street Elevated. Its early history 
is really that of Uoxhury. We find in \(\S\) John Eliot giviiii; seventy- 
five acres of lan<l, "the income from which was to he used for the 
support of a school and a schoolmaster." The present Eliot School, 
on Eliot Sfrcrt, connnemorates this j;ift, and is devoted to the giving 
of free instruction in wood-carving, cari)entering, needlework, and 
drawing. At G36 Centre Street near (ireen, is a two-story cottage 
with painted roof and dormer win<lows, which was sold in 1710 to 
Penjanjin Eaneuil, nei)hew of ohl Peter Faneuil, an<l |)ur<lKis«>d in 
INOO hy the distinguished Dr. John Warren, as a coimtry house. 
In 1S2S it hecame the i)roperty of Sanmel (lo(Mlrich, the author, 
who was the kindly, well heloved Peter Parley of earlier days. 

.\t the jimction of Ccntrr and Snnfh Streets is the old Loring- 
Greenough homestead, huilt in 17r»(). hy ("onmiodore Joshua Lor- 
ing, a v«'teraii of the l''rencli and lutlian War. Here have lived five 
generations of (Jreenoughs. This house was the head(|uarters of 
(leneral Nathaniel (Jreene during the siege of Poston. Near here 
stan<ls the oM milestone inscrihed: "J miles to Boston Town House, 
1735. V. Dndleti." On the siti- of the Sohliers' Monument was the 
first schoolhouse in Januiica Plain, huilt in HiTO. 

Close hy is Jamaica Pond, once a source of water sui)|)ly to Bos- 
ton, now a feature in our chain of i)arks, an<l alTording hoating in 
summer and skating in winter. On the southwest shore was the 
estate of Francis Parkman, the historian, the s|)()t heing marked 
hy a memorial Ity 1). (". French. i)ut in i)lace in I'.KH't after the city 
had taken the land fctr a i)art of the park which surrounds the i)ond. 
The Children's Museum at Pinehank near the boat landing, at 
the end of I'oml Street, ought to he visite<l for its interesting 
collections. Leave Centre Street trolley at Moraine Street. 

Near the Forest Hills Station of the New York, New Haven & 
Hartford Uailroa<l is the nuignificent Bussey estate, l)e(|ueathed to 
Harvard Dniversity for the pur|)ose of furnishing "instruction in 
|)ractical agriculture, useftd and ornamental gardening, botany." 
etc. The Bussey Institution was built in 1S71, an<l the beautifid 
Arnold Arboretum, containing ov(>r one hundred and sixty acres of 
hilly land, lia^ brcn in procc:-s of dc\('lopment ever since. Here 



122 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

are in great profusion rare varieties of trees, shrubs, and deciduous 
plants. It should be visited early in June, for the blossoms are then 
at their best. 

Off Centre Street on high wood-covered ground, overlooking the 
Arboretum, is the Faulkner Hospital, opened in 1903. It is the gift 
of Dr. and Mrs. George Faulkner, in memory of their daughter 
Mary, for the good of the people of the old town of West Roxbury, 
where Dr. Faulkner had been a beloved physician. There are 70 
beds, 19 of them in a building reserved for maternity patients. 

An important medical institution is the Adams Nervine Asylum, 
990 Centre Street, close by the Arboretum. Funds for its establish- 
ment were left in 1873 by the will of Seth Adams, late of Newton, 
"for the benefit of such indigent, debilitated, nervous people, who 
are not insane, inhabitants of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 
as may be in need of the benefit of a curative institution." It was 
opened in 1877 and has done valuable service in providing care for 
nervous invalids who are in moderate circumstances. There are 
50 beds. 

Franklin Park, named for Benjamin Franklin, lying in the dis- 
trict of Jamaica Plain, but approached by way of Grove Hall, is 
our largest playground, a park of five hundred and twenty-seven 
acres. Splendid woods, tennis courts, ball grounds, and an excel- 
lent golf course offer their varied attractions to the visitor. The 
zoological gardens occupying about eighty acres, with separate 
houses for elephants, lions, bears, and birds, and a range for elks, 
deer, and other animals should be visited. Mattapan and Blue 
Hill Avenue electric cars pass the east entrance to the Park at 
frequent intervals. Leading from Elm Hill across the Park toward 
Milton and Plymouth was an old Indian trail. Near this point on 
the hill Ralph Waldo Emerson lived when he taught school in 
Roxbury. 

On the westerly border of Franklin Park, at 215 Forest Hills 
Street is the Talitha Cumi Maternity Home and Hospital of 36 beds, 
for young unmarried mothers. It was established in 1836 and is 
under the control of the New England Moral Reform Society. 
Close at hand, at No. 118, is the Emerson Hospital, a semi-public 
general hospital established by Dr. N. W. Emerson in 1904, of 50 beds. 
Theodore Parker was minister of the second meeting-house of 
the Second Parish of Roxbury from 1837 to 1846. The building 
stood until recently on the corner of Centre and Church Streets, 
Roslindale. There is a bronze statue of Parker by Robert Kraus, 
in the green in front of the Church of the Fu-st Parish of West 
Roxbury at the corner of Centre and Corey Streets. 



OriDK TO BOSTON 123 

In West l{()xl>ury, near tlie Newton line, speeifieally at 670 Baler 
Street, was Brook Farm, a tract of land j)urehase(l l)y (leorge Ilii)Iey 
in isn. He and his associates incorporated tlie "Brook Farm 
Plialanx," a iini(|ue social and cociperative experiment in which 
Ui|)l»y. Thorcaii, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Charles A. Dana, George 
William Curtis, and Margaret Fuller were prominent participants. 
The i)roject lasted five years. The farm is now occupied l)y the 
Martin Luther Orphans' Home of (50 l)e<ls, supported l\v the Fvan- 
gclical Lutheran ( "hurch. 

On Sprhuj Street, No. L'."i."), near tlu- Dedham line, is the United 
States Public Health Service Hospital No. 44 of '2'>0 l)e<ls, devoted 
to neuroj)sychiatric cases. It is reached hy Spring Street cars from 
the Forest Hills Station of the Flevated. A short distance beyond 
the hosi)ital there are hoathouses and excellent canoeing facilities 
on the Charles. 

In Dedham is the Old Fairbanks House, one of the oldest 
houses standing in the country. It was hinlt ahout lO.")!) hy Jona- 
than Fairbanks to whom the lands ahout it were aIlottc(l in lO.'ir. 
It had heen owned hy a Fairbanks until IV.Xi when it was i)urchased 
by |)ublic-spirite<l women to save it from destruction. Since IDO.'J 
it has been the i)roperty of the "Fairbanks Family in .\merica," 
incorj)orate<l. Here the I'airbanks I-'amily reunions are hehl. The 
house is on East Strert not far from the l)e<lham Station of the New 
York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. It /.v ojxn (hiili/. Free. 
Not far away is the " Avery Oak," a M-ry large tree that is said to 
have been of great value at the time the "Constitution" was built, 
the owner refusing to sell it for timbers for that vessel. 

The rooms of the Dedham Historical Society on the corner of 
Chiireh Street an<l U i(jh Street contain valuable relics of this <jld 
suburban town, the shire town of Nurfulk Countv. 



BROOKLINE 

Also Brighton, Waltham, Watertown, Newton, 
Wellesley, Framingham 

BROOKLINE, or Muddy River, as it was called, was used 
as a grazing place for swine and cattle in colonial times. 
Originally a part of Boston, in 1705 it was set apart as an 
independent town and has remained a town ever since. It forms a 
wedge between the Brighton District on the west and Roxbury, 
Jamaica Plain, and West Roxbury on the east. Metropolitan plan- 
ning boards have always met a Puritanical opposition to their 
efforts to induce Brookline to join the Boston municipality. To 
this day the Brookline town meetings are famous for their lively 
and public-spirited discussions of matters of town government, 
although there are evidences that the politicians are getting their 
hold at last. It is a place of homes, many apartment houses, and 
beautiful estates. The mere mention of some of the noteworthy 
places must suffice here, the reader being assured that a trip through 
this town, the richest in the United States, will be well worth while. 
The Gardner, Sargent, Schlesinger, Winthrop, Lee, Lowell, Lyman, 
Brandegee, Whitney, Larz Anderson estates, and the Country Club 
are some of the most noted. 

Not far from the golf links of the Country Club, on Newton 
Street near Clyde, is the Brookline Board of Health Hospital, com- 
prising a group of modern brick buildings in which are 64 beds, 
caring for scarlet fever, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and smallpox. 
Private patients from surrounding regions are received here, a 
great help w^hen contagious diseases are prevalent. At the western 
end of the town, but within the limits of the City of Boston are the 
Chestnut Hill Reservoir and pumping stations, parts of the Metro- 
politan Water Works. The two lakes of the reservoir, nestling at 
the base of the siuToiuiding hills, make one of the most attractive 
bits of scenery about Boston, while on the heights to the west are 
the handsome stone buildings of Boston College, conducted by the 
Jesuit Fathers. This growing institution is situated on most at- 
tractive grounds which are in the township of Newton. It is reached 
by Newton Boulevard trolley cars over Commonwealth Avenue, a 
short distance beyond the Lake Street Station. 

No city in America possesses more beautiful suburbs or in a greater 
number than does Boston. The Newtons, Wellesleys, Natick, 
Weston, and Waltham to the west, Dedham, Milton, and Quincy 

124 



GUIDE TO BOSTON 



125 




to tlic south, and Belmont, Arlington, Medford, and Winchester 
to the north are easily accessil>le by trolley or by automobile through 
tiie parkways, the roads being all that could be asked. In almost 
every city and t<i\vn is a hospital. Among the semi-public hospitals 
is the Corey Hill Hospital on the top of Corey Hill, No. 2o2 Summit 
Avcfiur, in the town of 
Brooklinc. It was built 
and etjuipped by a group 
of Boston physicians in 
1904 for the care of private 
patients under their own 
l)hysicians. There are ac- 
conunotlations for 34 pa- 
tients, the beds being open 
to reputable me<lical men 
of Boston and vicinity. 
Traiin'ng schools for nurses are encourage<l to send to this hos- 
l)ital a certain number of their nurses in the latter part of their 
third year to complete their training. Graduate nurses do the 
greater part of the nursing. It was here that our chief surgeon, 
the late Maurice H. Richardson, used to delight the patients by 
his skill as a pianist after an evening visit. Another hospital on 
this hill is the Brooks Hospital at 227 Summit Airnur. This 
was built by Dr. \V. A. Brooks, incorporate<l as a charitable 
institution, an<i opened in 191.'). It has accommodations for .34 
patients, Most of the cases are surgical. Two wards of 8 beds 
each are largely devoted to the treatment of industrial accident 
cases for the Liberty Mutual Insurance Company. On the second 



Ct)l;l-V 1111. L lli).->rilAL AMJ 

nurses' home 




MASSACHUSETTS HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL 
WEST DEPARTMENT (CONTAGIOUS) 

floor are private rooms. The Sias Laboratories are in the building 

under the direction of Dr. F, II. Slack and Dr. C. L. Overlander, 

On the northerly slope of Corey Hill, at 290 Alldon Street, 

Brighton, is the John C, Haynes Hospital for Contagious Dis- 



126 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



eases, the West Department of the Massachusetts Homeopathic 
Hospital, the headquarters of which are at 82 East Concord Street 
in the South End. The hospital was founded in 1908 by a bequest 
from John C. Haynes, the music dealer, and has 150 beds in several 
isolated buildings. It is reached by Lake Street and Common- 
wealth Avenue cars from Park Street. On the easterly side of 
Brookline is the Free Hospital for Women, at 80 Glen Road op- 
posite Leverett Pond and Olmstead Park of the Boston Park 
System, reached by Huntington Avenue cars to Pond Avenue. 




FREE HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN 

This hospital, modeled after the Woman's Hospital in the State 
of New York, was established in 1875 by the late Dr. W. H. 
Baker and was first situated in two dwelling houses on East 
Springfield Street at the South End near the City Hospital. From 
this institution for twenty years came the teachings of Marion Sims 
and Thomas Addis Emmet to the medical profession of New Eng- 
land tln-ough their pupil, the professor of Gynecology in the Har- 
vard Medical School, the surgeon-in-chief to the hospital. The 
present building was erected in 1905 and has a capacity of 603 beds. 
It is an incorporated institution, being supported by an endow- 
ment fund and by annual subscriptions of churches and charitable 
individuals. The object of the hospital is the surgical treatment of 



GUIDE TO BOSTON 



127 



the diseases peculiar to women. All the beds are free, only the poor 
being admitted. In 1919, 925 patients were treated in tlie hospital, 
and there were 5539 consultations in tlie Out-Paticnt Department. 

In Brii:lit(>n, on the road from Allston to Oak Square and Newton, 
is St. Elizabeth's Hospital, at 736 Cambridge Street, reached by 
trolley cars from Park Street. It was founded in ISGS and for many 
years after ISSS occupied several remodeled houses on West Brook- 
line Street at the South End. In 1911 it was taken over by the 
Catholic Archdiocese of Boston and was changed from a hospital 
for women to a general hospital. The present hospital was com- 
pleted and occupied in 1914. Affording 200 beds, it consists of a 
group of buildings on a bluff well above the street level. The nuiin 
building, the hosj)ital itself, is 130 feet long with two wings of 60 
feet, and is three stories high. There are balconies on the court- 
yard inclosed by the wings, where the patients may be wheeled in 
cliair or bed. To the south of the hospital are the Convent and 
Nurses' Home, the latter a buildini,' 110 feet long and live stories 
in height. The training 
school for nurses is im<ler 
the direction of the Sister- 
of St. Francis, the he;i. 
nurses in cliarge of tli- 
various wanis, operatin. 
rooms, and diet kitchen.-, 
being all nuns, who are 
graduate nurses. There 
are twenty of these and eighty pupil nurses. The school recently 
has been on an eight-hour-<lay basis. The hospital has a well 
equipi)e<l X-Ilay department, laboratory, orthopedic department, 
and accident ward. Half the second floor is devoted to ob- 
stetrics, about seven himdred babies being born here each year, 
and there is a children's ward besides those given up to medical 
and surgical cases. During the year 1920, 37S6 patients were 
treated in the wards and 5063 in the Out-Patient Department. 

The Waltham Hospital of 125 beds on Hope Avenue in that city, 
with a new maternity dei)artment of 24 beds, provides care for the 
sick of Waltham and also fc^rWeston.Lincoln.Waverlcy, and Belmont. 
It is interesting largely becau.se of the unique Waltham Training 
School for Nurses which is associated with it. The training school 
is at 764 Maui Street near the Square, at some distance from the 
hospital. This is the training school which Dr. Alfred Worcester was 
instrumental in founding in 18S5 and with which he has been con- 
nected from the beginning. The purpose was to supply the imme- 




Kl.l/.VltKTU ,S HOSPITAL 



128 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

diate nursing needs of the community and also to give young women 
a thorough education and training in nursing. The distinctive 
character of the school is due to the fact of its separate foundation. 
Its only connection with the Waltham Hospital, or with other 
hospitals which it supplies with nursing service, allows to the school 
perfect freedom in following its ideals, one of which is the training 
of nurses in home nursing for home nursing. It was the first school 
in the country to give training in District Visiting Nursing. It was 
the first to adopt a preparatory course. 

The works of the American Waltham Watch Company in this 
city will well repay a visit. Take Boston & Maine Railroad to 
Waltham, or trolley cars from Watertown or Newton. 

In Watertown, the near-by town to Waltham, is the Perkins 
Institution and Massachusetts School for the Blind, formerly in 
South Boston where it was established in 1829. It has attractive 
grounds and buildings and a handsome tower. There are 285 beds. 
It is reached by trolley cars from Park Street passing over 
North Beacon Street to Watertown. Another institution of Water- 
town is Sunny Bank Home, at 304 School Street, a convalescent 
home of the Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital, of 18 beds. 
It was established in 1887. Watertown cars from Harvard Square, 
Cambridge, pass School Street. 

On Marshall Street in Watertown is the Marshall Fowle House, 
in which General Warren spent the night before the Battle of 
Bunker Hill, and in which Mrs. Washington was entertained when 
on her way from Mt. Vernon to Cambridge. On North Beacon 
Street, near to Allston, is the great United States Arsenal on the 
river. North Beacon Street trolleys from the Park Street Station 
pass the entrance, or trolleys from the Central Square Station of 
the Cambridge tunnel. 

Journeying by trolley from Boston over Commonwealth Ave^iiie 
toward Norumbega Park one gets off at the crossing of this avenue 
with Washington Street and takes a Natick car which soon passes 
the Newton Hospital, at No. 2014, in the district of Newton Lower 
Falls, one of the nine subdivisions of the township of Newton. Not 
many natives get these Newtons straight. The hospital has a capac- 
ity of 165 patients and a fine set of buildings. It was established in 
1881, serves a wide expanse of territory, and has a training school 
for nurses connected with it. 

Wellesley College for women with its three hundred acres of 
beautiful grounds is one of the show places of the suburbs of Bos- 
ton. It is about half a mile beyond the center of Wellesley, thirteen 
miles on the Boston & Albany Railroad, or it may be reached by 



GUIDE TO IJOSTOX 129 

trolley car over Commonwealth Avenue extension, changing at 
Washington Street to a car marked Natick and going tlirougli 
Newton Lower Falls, Wellesley Hills. Wellesley, directly by the college 
grounds, which are spread along Central Street, on which the trolley 
runs, for nearly a mile. Below this highway runs the railroad, and 
l)eyond that is Morse's Pond. On the other side of the college 
campus and Imildings is Waban Lake, where "Float Day" is hold 
in proper season. This very wide-a-wake an<l growing institution 
was founded by Henry F. Durant, a member of the ]\Lissacluisetts 
liar, who die<i in ISSl, and was heli)ed and fostered by his widow, 
whose ample homestea<l was given to the college in 1S71, the col- 
lege being opened in 1S7.'). The college has about 1400 stuilents. 

The Community Health and Tuberculosis Demonstration of the 
National Tuberculosis Association in South Framingham is worth 
a visit. This may be reached best by train from the South Station 
or Trinity Place to South Framingham (19 miles) on the main line 
of the New York Central Railway. An express train lands the 
visitor at the railway station in half an hour. The health station 
is only a short distance away on the right hand, in the Crouch 
Building on Union Avenue, the street with a trolley line leading to 
Framingham Center. Dr. D. B. .Vrmstrong is the executive officer, 
and Dr. A. K. Stone administrative advisor. 



CAMBRIDGE 
Also Somerville and Medford 

ACROSS the river from Boston proper is Cambridge, the 

/% "University City," joined to Boston by seven bridges. The 
X ^ Charles River basin is wide, and a dam keeps the water at 
a definite level and fresh. It gives to Boston and Cambridge a large 
sheet of water of inestimable value from artistic, hygienic, and 
pleasure-giving points of view. Crossing Harvard Bridge one faces 
a magnificent group of buildings, those of the Massachusetts Insti- 
tute of Technology. This institution was chartered in 1861 and was 
given by the Legislature certain State lands in the Back Bay Dis- 
trict of Boston. Classes began in 1865, and the first class was gradu- 
ated in 1868. In 1889 it outgrew the portion of the square in the 
Back Bay District between Boylston and Newbury Streets appor- 
tioned by the State, and built additional buildings on Clarendon 
Street, Boston, opposite the present location of the Copley-Plaza 
Hotel. In 1916 it removed from Boston to a site upon the Charles 
River in Cambridge opposite the Back Bay. 

The new site contains about fifty acres. The educational struc- 
tures are under one roof, and the plans are so drawn that the build- 
ings may be extended as the growth of the Institute demands. The 
layout was planned for two thousand students, and already the 
registration has risen to thirty-five hundred. An addition to the 
present educational buildings is in process of construction and will 
be known as the Pratt School of Naval Architecture. In addition 
to the educational buildings, there are upon the grounds of the 
Institute the Walker Memorial, the social center of student life, 
and the dormitories which are placed about the President's house 
on the Charles River Boulevard. The dormitories accommodate a 
limited number of students and are built in six units. Two frater- 
nities occupy the extreme units, and the remaining units are named 
in honor of deceased professors. 

At the rear of the lot is situated the power plant, which 
may be doubled in size. Opposite the power plant are the 
laboratories of forging, foundry, and gas engines. The carpenter 
shop and other service buildings are erected in convenient spots 
on the lot. 

In January, 1920, a campaign for $8,000,000 was successfully 
completed six months before the required date by the raising of 
$4,000,000. Mr. George Eastman, maker of kodaks, until that date 

130 



132 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 





HARVARD HALL AND JOHNSTON GATE 



known as the mysterious "Mr. Smith," had pledged $4,000,000 
of this and had previously contributed generously to the Institute 

under the name 
of ''Mr. Smith." 
Visitors are 
always welcome 
at the Institute, 
and the Engineer- 
ing Laboratories, 
which are un- 
usually well 
equipped, besides 
other laborato- 
ries, will gladly 
be shown. 

Across Massachusetts Avenue from the Technology buildings, at 
350 Charles River Road, is the Charlesgate Hospital, a surgical hos- 
pital of 50 beds, established by Dr. Albert H. Tuttle in 1906. 

Cambridgeport is an important manufacturing center where 
soap, books, candies, castings, and machinery are produced in great 
quantities. Passing tlirough it in trolley or motor car along Mas- 
sachusetts Avenue, the chief street, we note on the right, just beyond 
Central Square, the City Hall, the gift of Frederick H. Rindge. 
Just back of it, now marked by 
a tablet, was the headquarters 
of General Isaac Putnam during 
the siege of Boston. Near by, 
at 1575 Cambridge Street, is the 
Holy Ghost Hospital for Incur- 
ables. Established in 1894, it 
offers 140 beds for the care of 
incurables — a splendid charity, 
supported by private funds. 
Farther up Massachusetts Avenue 
is Harvard Square, the terminus 
of the Cambridge subway from 
Park Street, and the College 
Yard — the old College Yard, 
dear to all graduates, where 
there is a new generation of elms 
to temper the sun's rays, and 
nod their welcome to the sturdy sons of fair Harvard. About the 
yard are old buildings, rich in traditions and hoary with age. 




HOLDEN CHAPEL 



(JUIDE TO BOSTON 



133 



Massachusetts Hall dates 
hack to 17lM). Built hy gift 
of the General Court as 
a dormitory, it was usetl 
as a meeting place for 
the Legislature during the 
Revolution. In it now reci- 
tations and examinations 
are iidd. HoUis, Harvard, 
and Massachusetts Halls 
wrrc UM'd as l)arracks iiy 
(leorge Washington during 
the Revolution. Between 
Massachusetts and Harvanl Halls i: 
yard, through the Johnston Gateway. 




MKMoHI \I. II \I.I, 



tiic main entrance to tlic 
Tiiis gate is inscribed with 
the orders of the General Court, relating to the estahlishment of 
the College in 1G3G. 

There are many huiidings to ins] )c<-t — some hcautiful from 
length of service, as Wadsworth House (172(1), once the head(iuar- 
ters of General Washingtt.n; oiIuts from an architectural point 
of view, all of them rich in traditions and associations — the 
Harvard Union, the gift of Major Henry I>ee Higginson ami Henry 

Warren, the Phillips Brooks 
House, Hemenway Gymnasium, 
Memorial Hall, Law School, tlic 
\ arious museums, an<l the great 
Stadium. The Widener Me- 
morial Library, witii its match- 
less collection of hooks, is one of 
the newer huiMings and should 
he visited. It replaces Gore Hail 
and contains Harry Klkins 
Widener's own lihrary of 2.300 
volumes in a special room, he- 
sides some 700,000 l)Oimd vol- 
mnes. On the Delta hy^Iemorial 
Hall is the statue of John Har- 
vard, of Charlestown, whose 
gift of one-half of his estate, 
iJ77!), and his lihrary in 1G36 
made the real heginning of the 
College. 




StuU Art Co., Photo. 

JOHN HARVARD 



134 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 




THE WASHINGTON ELM 



Northwest of the College Yard lies Cambridge Common, and 
west of the Common stands the famous Washington Elm, under 

which, as every schoolboy- 
knows, Washington first took 
command of the Continental 
forces. Opposite the elm is 
Radcliffe College for women, 
affiliated with Harvard Univer- 
sity, which had its beginning in 
1879. The name Radcliffe is of 
some interest. In 1643 Lady 
Anne Moulton gave the first 
scholarship to Harvard of £100, 
and in grateful remembrance of 
this, the women's department 
was named Radcliffe, Lady 
Anne's maiden name. 

Close by is Christ Church, 
built in 1760 by Peter Harrison, 
who designed King's Chapel in 
Boston. A milestone near the 
fence reads, ''Boston 8 miles, 1734." As the only road to Boston 
at that time led through Brighton and Roxbury and across the 
Neck, now Washington Street, it was indeed eight miles. 

Farther down Harvard Square, at D mister Street, is a tablet mark- 
ing the site of the house of Stephen Daye, the printer of the first 
book extant printed in English North America, the ''Bay Psalm 
Book," 1639. Daye may be regarded as the founder of the present 
University Press, the printer of this Guide-Book, now situated on 
the Charles River Parkway, opposite Soldiers' Field, for the first 
president of Harvard, Rev. Henry Dunster, assumed charge of the 
first printing establishment, which was in his house, with Daye as 
printer. Dunster, whose 
presidency extended from 
1640 to 1654, married the 
widow of a Mr. Joseph 
Glover, of London, Eng., 
who had procured a press 
and types, but had died on 
the voyage to America. 
From Dunster' s association 
with it the establishment received the name of The University 
Press. The Press was re-established by the College in 1761 and of 




THE STADIUM 



GUIDE TO BOSTON 



135 




M. D. Mr'.' ^. 

TIIK l.o.Ni.l KLl.OW 11<»L 



recent years has been run under private management. Still farther 
down Diaister Street, at the corner of South, is seen tlie tal)let 
marking the site of tlie 
liouse of Thomas Dudley, 
the founder of Cambridge. 
Outside Harvard Scjuare 
are many interesting an<l 
historic places. Off lini/l- 
sfon Street, facing tlie river, 
are tlic Freshman Dormi- 
tories housing nearly nil of 
the freshman class, lighted 
and heated by the college 
|)o\ver plant, the dining 
room in eacii building 
ser\e<I from one coinnion 
kitclien through subways. Many fraternity houses are in this 
neighborhood. Soldiers' Field, across the river, the gift of Major 
Henry I>ee Higginson to the University, in memory of his classmates 
wiio died in tiie Civil War, is the athletic iiel<l. The Stadium, built 
after the Greek model, is the gift of the Athletic Association and of 
the class of 7'.), It was the first of the stadia which have been 
growing in ever increasing size at the various colleges of the coimtry. 
It is a steel frame filled in with Portland cement. Its seating capacity 
is 2S,tU(). For the Harvard- Vale Football Game additional seats 
are added, with a grand stand at the east end, so that the seating 
acconunodation is raised to 4.'),()()(). The gra<luates of both univer- 
sities, far and near, look 
forward to the Harvard-Yale 
game of football, and with 
their families arrive in l^os- 
toii a day or two before the 
event. 

South from Harvard 
Square, and riuming west, 
is Brattle Street, the most 
beautiful street in Cam- 
bri<lge. On Brattle Street is 
the well-known Longfellow 
House, built in 1759 by John 
Vassall. It was Washing- 
ton's headciuarters after leaving the Wadsworth House, and later 
became the home ofjthe'poet Longfellow. Some little distance up 




TUF. LOWELL IIOlSI. 



136 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 




Dr. M. D. Miller, Photo. 

STILLMAN INFIRMARY 



the street is Elmwood Avenue, which leads to Mt. Auburn Street, 
where is the beautifully situated home of James Russell Lowell. 

The Lowell house 
is also reached on 
Mt. Auburn Street 
by trolleys from 
Harvard Square 
marked Mt. Au- 
burn, Waverley, 
or Watertown. 

South of Brattle 
Street, and parallel 
toit, isMt. Auburn 
Street, which for a 
short distance 
runs along the river's edge. On the left, overlooking the river and 
Soldiers' Field, is the Stillman Infirmary, belonging to the Univer- 
sity. Each student taking courses in Cambridge is charged a small 
sum for the support of the Infirmary, and this entitles him to two 
weeks' free treatment. The majority of sick students use the 
Infirmary when necessary. Next to it are the buildings of the 
Cambridge Hospital, established in 1871 and now having 165 beds. 
Still farther on, at the junction of Mt. Auburn Street anfl Brattle 
Street, is the beautiful and peace-inviting Mt. Auburn Cemetery, 
the resting-place of many distinguished dead. To wander along 
the beautiful walks of this cemetery is to meet the names of New 
England's most famous sons. Here are the graves of James Russell 
Lowell, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Louis Agassiz, Charles Bulfinch, 
Edwin Booth, Rufus Choate, James T. Fields, Phillips Brooks, 




CAMBRIDGE HOSPITAL 

William Ellery Channing, Edward Everett, Samuel G. Howe, 
and many others. The old chapel of the cemetery was converted 
into a most attractive and serviceable crematory in [1902. This is 



GUIDE TO BOSTON' 137 

one of the two cTematories of New Kiii^land, the other Ix-ing 
situateil at Forest Hills Cemetery. 

In Somerville, the thin! in size of Boston's sulnirhs, is Prospect 
Hill near Union Scjnare, the site of the most formidable works in 
the Ameriean lines during the siege of Boston. Here the union flag 
with its thirteen stripes was first flung to the breeze, January 1, 1776. 
There is a tablet on the top of the hill. On Winter Hill, (•rosse<l 
by the Broachcay trolley line, was another fort. The Old Powder 
House, a tower with coniral toj), thirty feet high and about twenty 
feet in diameter, having thick brick walls, is in a little i)ark at the 
junction of Collrgr Arcnur, liroadwuii, an<l the parkway to ^lystic 
\'allcy. This was first a mill built about 17{)o, becoming a Province 
powder house in 1747. (Jeneral (Jage seize<l the 27^0 half-barrels oi 
guni)owder there Septeml>er 1, 1774, and in 1775 it became the 
magazine of the American army l)esieging Boston. 

The buildings of Tufts College on College Hill n-acluMl by the 
Boston & Maine Railroad, may be seen for long distances. The 
college itself with Jackson College, the <lepartment for women, is 
situated here; the me<ii<al and <lental schools are on IlunthujUm. 
Arcnur at the South Knd, in Boston. 

The Somerville Hospital on Cmrkcr Street, was foiuuled in ISill. 
It is a s('nii-j)ublic general hos|)ital of 7.') beds. Take a Cltircndon 
II ill-IJi(llilitH(l Arm lie car at Park Street Subway and get oil' at 
' rocker Street. 

The adjoining town of Medford is but a short walk from Somer- 
\ lile. It is six miles from Boston and may be reache<l by trolley 
cars from the Sullivan Square Terminal of the Elevated Railway. 
On Mdin Street, between George and Ixnifnll Streets, is the Royall 
House, one of the finest specimens of colonial architecture in Greater 
I'oston. This was the Ten Hill Farmhotise of (iovernor Winthroj), 
the residence of Cohmel Isaac Royall, and the headqiuirters of (Jen- 
eral Stark. In the yani is the brick building use<l as slave quarters. 
Opni Tucsdnifs ami Saturdays from 2 p.tn. to h i).m. Admission 2o 
cents. 

The Craddock House, on Rirerside Avenue on the way to East 
Me<lfonl, was supj)osed U)Y many years to be the original house built 
in 1034, the first brick house in the colony. This house must have 
been erected long before 1700, even if it is not the original structure. 



THE NORTH SHORE 

FOR many years the shores of Massachusetts Bay have been 
made use of as summer watering-places, both by the in- 
habitants of Boston and the surrounding towns, and by 
people from a distance who are in search of a glimpse of old ocean 
and refreshing sea breezes. Many are the arguments as to the re- 
spective merits of the North and the South Shores. To the north 
are woods and rocks and cool breezes from off the water; to the 
south are sand, stronger winds, and a more equable climate, where 
it is possible to sit on the piazza during the evenings unless, 
by chance, the wind fails and the tireless mosquito puts in an 
appearance. 

The North Shore extends from Cape Ann, where the city of 
Gloucester — the greatest fishing port on the coast, next to Boston, 
— is nestled under the protection of Eastern Point, safe from the 
fury of Atlantic storms, up to the city's limits at Winthrop. 

Some of the most beautiful and elaborate estates in the world 
are to be found in Beverly Farms and Manchester, on the northerly 
shore of Salem Harbor. Here forest and ocean meet at sandy 
beach or rocky headland, and the wealthy Bostonian travels daily 
back and forth between his place of business and his home, in his 
steam yacht or in a special express train. 

Nearer to Boston are the more modest summer resorts of Marble- 
head, Swampscott, Lynn, Nahant, Revere, and Winthrop. Lynn 
is a shoe city of 100,000 inhabitants, approached across the Saugus 
marshes. Here is the Lynn Hospital, at 212 Boston Street, of 136 
beds, established in 1880. 

In Swampscott, a short distance beyond Lynn by trolley, is the 
old John Humphrey House, supposed to have been built in 1637, 
perhaps earlier. The house was moved only recently to its present 
location, 99 Paradise Road, from Elmwood Road, where it stood 
next to an elm tree of great age. The house has been preserved 
by the Swampscott Historical Society. John Humphrey was an 
assistant to Governor Wintlirop. The original situation of the 
building is marked in Winthrop's handwriting on a map of 
Swampscott now in the British Museum, 

Starting for Marblehead, the scene of the Agnes Surriage romance, 
we take the train at the North Station, and select a seat on the right- 
hand side of the car, raising the window. Let our imagination carry 
us back to colonial times, before the days of the "iron horse." Sir 
Harry Frankland is speeding northward to meet his love: 

138 



GUIDE TO BOSTON 180 

MaJxC way! Sir IIarri/\s coach and four, 

And Ihrricd grooms that ride! 
They cross the ferry, touch the shore 

On WiimisimmeVs side. 

They hear the wash on Chelsea Beach — 

llic level marsh they pass, 
Where miles on luiles the desert reach 

Is rough with bitter grass. 

The shining horses foam ami jmnt. 

Ami now the smells begin 
Of fi.ihy iS warn pscott, salt Nahant, 

And leather-scented Lynn. 

Xe.rt, on their left, the slender spires 

Arul glittering vanes, that crouni 
The home of Salem's frugal sires, 

The old, witi'h-haunted town. 

Marblehead is a (luaiiit old town. situattMl on the tip of tlio 
peninsula wliicli forms the soutliern l)(nin«iary of Salem Harhor. 
It is a little over half an hour from Boston hy the Bostt)n & Maine 
Railroad. The town was settled in HV2\). It has a fine, deep har- 
l)or, an<l from hein^ an imjxjrtant fishing and trading port has 
heeome the ehief yachting rendezvous on the Atlantic coast. Dur- 
ing the Bevolution, Marhlehead furnished over twelve lumdrrd 
men to the govermnent service. Iirigadier-( General John (dover, 
one of the bravest and most distinguishe<l officers of tlie Revolu- 
tion, who died in 1797, is burie<l in tlie old ceiuetery on the hill over- 
l<H)king Marblehead Harbor. There " • lue of (leiural (Jlover 

on Commonwealth Avenue in lioston 

The streets of Marbleliead are no- 
torious for tlieir crooke<hiess. \\)- 
j)arently, every man built his hous*- 
on this rocky promontory exactly 
where he please<l, without much ref- 
erence to his neighbors, so that while 
one front door looks squarely upon 
the street, the next one will be at an 
angle of ninety degrees, and the third ST. Michael's church 

house will be entere<l from the rear. MAniu.KHEAD 

The oldest Episcopal Church in New EngUiixl is St. Michael's (1714), 
a modest structure hi<lden awav in a nest of woc^len buildings, not 




140 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 




AGNES SURRIAGE WELL 



a stone's throw from the electric 
cars, which, coming from Lynn or 
Salem, pass through the center of 
the town. 

The Colonel Jeremiah Lee man- 
sion (1776), No. 169 Washington 
Street, with its old colonial stair- 
case, should be visited; also the 
birthplace of Elbridge Gerry (nearly 
opposite the North Church), a signer 
of the Declaration of Independence, 
Governor of Massachusetts, and 
Vice-President of the United States. 
The well of the Fountain Inn, where 
began the romance of Agnes Sur- 
riage, celebrated by Edwin Lasseter 
Bynner in a novel, and by Dr. 
Oliver Wendell Holmes in a poem, 
is to be seen at a point only a 
few steps from the terminus of the electric-car line. During the war 
hydroplanes, manufactured at the Curtis plant in Marblehead, were 
tried out in the harbor and outside. 

The Eastern Yacht Club, with ample accommodations for its 
members, has its house and landing stage on the Neck, and also 
the Corinthian Yacht Club. A steam ferry connects the mainland 
with the Neck and also a good road across the causeway. On the 
town side of the harbor the Boston Yacht Club has a house and 
wharf. Both steam and electric cars connect Marblehead and 
Salem, some five miles apart. 

On Lowell Island, off the tip of the 
Neck, is the Children's Island Sani- 
tarium, established in 1888 for the 
care of children with bone tuber- 
culosis and for convalescents. It has 
100 beds and is open every summer. 
Salem, fourteen miles to the north- 
east of Boston, on the Boston & 
Maine Railroad, was settled in 1626. 
From Salem came John Winthrop 
and his companions to the founding 
of Boston. The town is noted for 
the persecution of the witches, and 
Gallows Hill, where nineteen witches 




HAWTHORNE S BIRTHl'LACE 



GUIDE TO BOSTON 



141 



v,crv litmj^eil, Is one of tlie chief iK)ints of interest to tlie tourist. It 
is on Boston Street, and is approadied from Ilaiison Street. Witcli- 
craft documents and relics may be seen in tlie brick Court House 
on Washington Street, facing Federal Street. Salem was once the 
chief port of New England, an<l controlled all the East India trade. 

Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, and his birthplace on 
I'tiitm Sfrnf, No. 27, is still standing. The house dates from 
before IG'Jo, and i)cl()nged to llawtliorne's grandfatlier. On Turner 
Street is the "House of Seven Gables," recently restored to its 
original condition. 

The old Custom House, on Derht/ Street, is the one in wliich 
Hawthorne served as surveyor of the port in 1S46-1S40. On the 
easterly side of the building, 
on the second floor, is the room 
in which his fancy evolved the 
"Scarlet Ix.'tter," and in another 
room is preserved a stencil with 
wliich he marked inspect etl goods 
witli "N. Hawthorne." 

The Essex Institute at 1M2 
K.ssex Street, a library of nearly 
100,000 volumes and a mu.seum 
of historical objects, manu- 
scripts, ami portraits, the larg- 
est collection of its kind in the country, should be visite<l. Also 
the Pickering House, No. IS Broad Street, built in 1049, the birth- 
place of Tiniotiiy Pickering, soMier and statesman of the Uevolution 
an<l member of Washington's Cabinet. 

The oldest house now .standing in Salem is the Roger Williams, 
or Witch House, corner of A'.s-.s7'.r and Xorth Street.s. It is said to 
have been liie home of Roger Williams from 1G35-1636, and is called 
the witch house because of the tradition that some of the preliminary 
examinations of the accused persons were held in it. The Salem 
Hospital, 81 Iliyhkuul Avenue was established in 1873. It is an 
active institution of 104 beds. 

Gloucester, settled in 1G23, is reached by steamer from Central 
Wharf or by train from the North Station (31 miles). There are 
many old liouses in the city of 2.'),000 inhabitants; the fishing in- 
dustry may be studied at close hand, and ** Norman's Woe " of 
Ix)ngfeIlow's "Wreck of the Hesperus" is off the shore on the road 
to Magn(jlia. 

Revere Beach is a part of the Metropolitan Park System, of 
which Bostonians are justly proud. The beach is nearly three 




\i KM ri-sTOM norsK 



142 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

miles long and is bordered by a boulevard connecting it with the 
Middlesex Fells Parkway. Along the boulevard are all sorts of 
amusement enterprises, dance halls, merry-go-rounds, roller coasters, 
and little shops. 

There is a splendid State Bath-House here, which is managed 
under modern aseptic methods, and is open to the public. On a 
hot Sunday as many as 100,000 persons visit the beach. 

The beach is reached by a short trip over the Narrow Gauge or 
Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad, which sku'ts the shore all 
the way from East Boston. The station is at Rowe's Wharf; trains 
every fifteen minutes; fare ten cents. The beach may also be reached 
by trolley cars from Scollay Square or by the Boston Revere Beach 
& Lynn Railroad from Rowes Wharf. A continuous line of park- 
ways extends from Broadway, Somerville, to the beach, for the 
convenience of automobiles. 

The Metropolitan Park System at the present time comprises 
nearly ten thousand acres reserved for parks and one hundred miles 
of parkways, in thirteen cities and twenty-six towns of the Metro- 
politan District. Some of these reservations are under the control 
of the cities and towns in which they lie, as in the case of Boston, 
whose Park and Recreation Department has charge of the Com- 
mon, Public Garden, Commonwealth Avenue, the Fens, Franklin 
Park, Marine Park, and other city open spaces. The Metropolitan 
District Commission controls fifteen, reservations, including the 
Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Charles River, Neponset River, Mystic 
River, Revere, Nahant and Nantasket Beach Reservations, and 
Bunker Hill Monument. 



TIIK SOrril SIIORK 



THK South Shore iii<lu(ies tlic country from Quincy to 
IMyinouth. Htyond Plyinoutli is Cape Cod, exteiuling to 
Pro\ Inct'town. Tlie resorts along the sliore may be reached 
l>y water or l»y Ian<l — hy automobile, steam roads, and trolley. 
If wo clioose tlie land route, we must pass through (^uincy, and this 
is best readied l)y tlie New York, New Haven & Hartford Hail- 
road, from the South Stati<ui. 

There is considerable of historic interest in Quincy, since it was 
the birthi)lace, home, and burial-i)lace of two early Presidents — 
John Adams and his son. 
John Quincy Adams. 

The Quincy quarries are 
still worked and furnish a 
very good granite in large 
((uantities, although at the 
time of the building of the 
Custom House in Poston 
special <-ontracts were made 
with the granite W(»rkers that 
no stone should be taken 
(tut for other use until that 
building had b<'en completed. 
Here was built the first rail- 
way in America, in ls27, lo 

carry the granite from the iuhtiiplack of John adams 

(piarries to tidewater. A jjortion of the original roadbed, with the 
iron-capiKMl granite rails an<l a stone tablet, may be seen at 
the crossing of the Hraintrec branch of the New W^vk, New Haven 
&: Hartford Railroad by Sriunndnn Street, near the Mast Milton 
Station. 

()])l)osite the (^\iincy railroad station is a solidly built granite 
church, the First Parish Church (Unitarian). This was built in 
1M2S, to carry out certain j)ro\isions in the will of John Adams. 
He left granite (piarries to the town, and ordered a "temple" to be 
liuilt to receive his remains. In the basement are the tombs of the 
two Presidents and their wives. The sexton shows these for a 
small fee. In the old burial ground near at hand are the graves of 
the very early inhabitants: of John Hancock, father of the signer of 
the Declaration <»f Independence, and of several of the .\dams and 
(Quincy families. 

143 




144 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



On the road toward Braintree, at the corner of Independence 
Street and Franklin Avenue, are two very old houses, belonging now 
to the Quincy Historical Society, the gift of Charles Francis Adams. 
The smaller house, the older of the two, is the birthplace of John 
Adams, the other that of his son, John Quincy Adams. In later 
years the Adamses lived on Adams Street, the road to East Milton, 
at the corner of Neponset Avenue. The Adams mansion was the 
home of President John Adams from 1787 until his death, and here 
the President celebrated his golden wedding. In it were married 
his son, John Quincy Adams, and his grandson, Charles Francis 

Adams, United States min- 
ister to England. It is still 
occupied by descendants of 
the Adams family. 

On Hancock Street, facing 
Bridge Street, is the old 
Quincy Mansion, known to 
us through Oliver Wendell 
Holmes's poem, "Dorothy 
Q." The poet's mother was 
a granddaughter of "Doro- 
thy Q." The Quincy City 
Hospital, at 114 Whitivell 
Street, was established in 
1890 and has 80 beds. 

On the outskirts of 
Quincy are the Fore River 
Works, where many ships were built for the navy during the recent 
war. Beyond Quincy, the way lies through a beautiful country, 
and some of the many towns are worth more than a mere mention. 
Hingham is one of the oldest and loveliest towns on the South 
Shore, with its main broad avenue bordered by superb elms. It 
was the home of Dr. Ezekiel Hersey, who, with his brother Dr. 
Abner Hersey of Barnstable, established the Hersey professorships 
of Anatomy and Surgery and of the Theory and Practice of Physic 
in the Harvard Medical School; and he founded Derby Academy, 
which still stands, one of the oldest secondary schools in the 
country. 

On an elevation just south of the latter is the Old Meeting-House, 
or " Old Ship Church," so called from the curious curved rafters 
which support the roof. Erected in 1681 it is the oldest church 
building now in use in the United States. Behind the latter is the 
burial ground containing the Settlers Monument, erected on the 




DOROTHY QUINCY HOUSE 



GUIDE TO BOSTON 145 

site of the old fort of Indian clays, as well as monuments to John A. 
Andrew, the war governor of Massachusetts, and John D. Long, 
Governor of Massachusetts and Secretary of the Navy during the 
Spanish-American War. 

Immediately behind the church is the modern Bell Tower, a fresh 
l)ond of sentiment between (Jreat Britain and America, not only 
from its construction and purpose, hut more especially because it 
contains the mounting block from the town square in Ilingham of 
OKI England. 

Nantasket Beach is beyond Hingham, and extends toward the 
entrance of lioston Harbor. It is one of the longest sand beaches 
in America and faces the open ocean. It is a part of our Metro- 
politan Park System, and furnishes an ideal beach for children and 
adults. The bathing here is excellent, although the water is cohl. 
Tiiere is a state bathhouse as at Revere. The beach, which is well 
worth a visit, is reached l)est by steamer from Howe's Wharf. The 
sail through Boston Harbor and Quincy Bay is full of interest. 

From the beach along the shore toward Cohasset, is the Jerusalem 
Road, affording a magnificent drive by the ocean. Looking off to 
>ea a granite lighthouse is seen rising straight out of the water. 
This is Minot's Light, a light of secon<l order, built on a ledge sub- 
merged at high tide, and in the pathway of steamers rounding Cape 
('(m1. \'i>itors may reach the lighthouse by boats from North Scit- 
uate Beach, and be hoisted in a basket to the door in the wall. 

Beyond Cohasset is Scituate, a popular summer resort. "The 
Old Oaken Bucket," a song <lear to us all, was written here by 
Samuel Woo<lworth. Note throughout the South Shore the old 
colonial houses still j)reserved in this region with enormous central 
cliimneys an<l ornamental front (loors with fanlights. 

('((ining to Marshfield we may see the country home of Daniel 
Webster, an<l his tomb with the epitaph <lictatc<l by Webster him- 
self in the small gra\cyard in the rear of the house. We are now in 
close proximity to old Plymouth settlement. an<l find many inter- 
esting historical landmarks. In Duxbury are the supposed burial 
places of Myles Standish and of Elder Brewster and the Aldens. 
The Governor Winslow House, which has recently been restored, 
is worthy of a l)rief visit. The Standish Monument on Captain's 
Hill is a landmark for the country around. Begun in 1S72, the 
monument was not finished until 1000; the memorial tablets were 
put in place last summer. The hill is a part of the farm occui)ied 
by Myles Standish and his family in IGoO and after. 

Plymouth is reached by train from the South Station and by boat 
from Howe's Wharf. 



146 



AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 



When the reader visits this ancient town, the first permanent 
settlement in New England, let him reverently honor those who in 
1620 landed here, in winter, and fought a desperate fight against 
disease, great privations, and hardships, that they might worship 
God according to their own beliefs. John Robinson, their pastor, 
wrote from Holland on Christmas Day, 1617: "It is not with us as 
with other men whom small things can discourage, or small discon- 
tentments make them wish themselves at home again." The three- 
hundredth anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims was celebrated 
on December 21 of last year. To commemorate the event marked 




PLYMOl'TII IMCK, 'I'lIK ( DliXKi; >I'(»\K (»K A XA'l'loX, BEIXG RP:ST()RED 
TO ITS ORIGINAL LOCATION BY THE STATE TERCENTENARY COMMISSION 



changes, especially along the water front, have been carried out, 
thanks to the generosity of the National and State Governments, 
the Pilgrim Society, the Society of Mayflower Descendants, the 
Daughters of the American Revolution, and various other patriotic 
societies and individuals. 

The disfiguring wharves along the water front have been removed, 
and the land extending over Cole's Hill, the site of the first houses, 
has been transformed into a wooded park, similar to the topography 
of the region in 1620. The rock itself on which our forefathers 
landed to build their first permanent homes has been lowered to its 
original position, so that this historic scene may be more easily 



GriDE TO BOSTON* 



147 



\ lsiiaIizo«l. The incinorial at tlie rock serves as a protection of this 
ancient himlniark a!i«l testifies the appreciation of tlie American 
people of tlie twentietli century for tlie followers of Bradford. The 
latter wrote in 1020: 

" lUit that which was most sudd an<l lainentahle was, that in 2 or 3 
months time halfc of their company tlyed. esj)etialy in Jan. and Feb- 
ruary, hcinj; ye (lei)th of winter, and wantinj^ houses and other com- 
forts; hein^ infected witli ye seurvie and other tliseases, wliich this long 
\iooge and their inacomodate condition liad brought upon them; so as 
there dyed some times 2 or 3 of a daye in ye foresaid time: that of UK) 
and odd persons scarce .30 remained." 

In the (plaint six'lling of the tinie. he descrihes how the seven 
well and sound persons administered unto the sick. They 

"spared no j)ains. night or day. hut with abundance of toyle and hazard 
of their own health, fetched tlu-m woode. made tliem fires, drest them 
meat, made their beads, washed their lothsome cloaths, cloathed and 
iineloathed them.- — Tow of these 7 were Mr. William Brewster, their 
reverend elder, and Myles 
Standish their ca|)tain and 
military commander. — And 
1 iloiite not but their recom- 
|)ense is with ye Lord." 

Toward the center ot" the 
town is Pilgrim Hall, the 
re])ository of the Pilgrim 
anti(piitic-^. Here are the 
Elder Brewster and Gov- 
ernor Carver chairs, the 
Peregrine White cradle, 
tiic sword of Myles Stand- 
ish, and many other ob- 
jects of interest. Across the 
-treet is the County Court 
House, where the original 
records, dee<ls, and wills of 
the Pilgrnns are preserved 
and can be seen. 

hi/drti Street leads to 
Burial Hill, where are many 
graves of the early .settlers, 
among them those of Gov- 
ernor Bradford ami John 
Howland, and here tlie old Powder Magazine recently has been 
restoreil. Here were the first forts for protection against the 




X.VnoXAL MOXLMKXT TO THE 
FOKKFATMKKS 



148 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

Indians. South of Burial Hill is Watson's Hill, where in March of 
1620 the Indian Samoset ''came loudly amongst them and spoke 
to them in broken English, which they could all understand, but 
marvelled at it." A few days later he appeared again with Squanto 
and the great Sachem Massasoit, and from this meeting resulted a 
compact of peace which Bradford mentions as existing twenty-four 
years later. 

At the extreme north of the town is the National Monument to 
the forefathers, built on a hill commanding a fine view of the harbor 
and town. 

Beyond Plymouth are the Cape towns, well-know^n summer re- 
sorts. At the end of Cape Cod is Provincetown, prominent in the 
fishing industries of Massachusetts. This spot at which the Pil- 
grims landed on their way to Plymouth, November 11, 1620, has 
been marked by appropriate memorials of the event. The Pilgrim 
Monument containing a special stone given by each state in the 
Union, is a beacon and seamark, the monument replacing the old 
church steeples in pointing out the tip of the cape to the mariner from 
afar. It is 2523^ feet high and was dedicated by President Taft in 
1910. Provincetown is a quaint old town w^ith a very narrow main 
street along the water front. Toward the ocean side are the great 
sand dunes. Race Point Light, and numerous life-saving stations. 
The waters of the Cape are very dangerous with strong currents 
and many shoals lashed by frequent gales. The trip to Province- 
town and return is best made from Otis Wharf by steamer, a most 
delightful sail in good weather. Between Sagamore and Buzzards 
Bay the Cape is cut by a canal which has facilitated shipping 
between New York and Boston. 



LEXINGTON AND CONCORD 



11!\IN(i'r()X is eleven miles from Boston on tlie Boston & 
Maine Railroad, and divides with Coneord the honors of 
^ the oi)ening seene of the Revolution. It may be reached 
also l)y trolley cars from Park Street via Harvard Square, 

On April 19, 177.5, the British marched to destroy the military 
stores gathered by the 
American forces at Concord. 
They passed through Arling- 
ton and East Ix.>xin^'t()n, 
where there are several in- 
teresting tablets commem- 
orating events of the da> . 
and entere<l I^exington, i- 
meet their first resistanr. 

Now a town of six thoi 
^and inhabitants, in 177.) 
not more than eight hun- 
dre<l people live<l here. At 
least ten of the houses in 
existence then still survive, 
an<l are marke<l l)y tablets. 

The interest in Lexin^M(»ii 
centers round the Common, 
where the plucky minute- 
men took their stand against 
more than eight times their 
mimber. A l)oidder, mark- 
ing the line of battle, is 
inscribed with Cai)tain 
Parker's instruction to his 
men: "Stand your groim<l. 
Don't fire imless fired upon 
let it begin here." 

Not far off is the Buckman Tavern, where the minutemen gath- 
ered on the morning of the battle, and farther south, on a little hill, 
is the belfry in which hung the \kA\ that summoned them. 

At the east end of the Common stantls a beautifid statue of Cap- 
tain John Parker, by Kitson, one of the most satisfactory of the 
momnnents about Boston. 

In 1799 there was erected on the west side of the Common a 

149 




ST.\Tl K OF C.\PT.\I\ JOHN PARKKU 

but if they mean to have a war, 



150 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

granite memorial to the men killed in the battle of Lexington. 
Their bodies lie in a stone vault back of it. 

Across the street and behind the church, one finds the old burying 
ground of the town with some quaint tombstones. Another place 
of great interest is the Hancock-Clark house on Hancock Street, 
where Samuel Adams and John Hancock were sleeping when roused 
by Paul Revere. This house contains nearly all the rich collection 
of the Lexington Historical Society. Other interesting places in 
Lexington are marked by tablets with historical data, and on the 
road to Concord, which the British traveled, there are two or three 
other places of interest. 

Entering Concord, and passing for the time the literary landmarks, 
one comes to Monument Square, a short distance from the Boston 
& Maine Railroad station, twenty miles from Boston; reached 

also from Lexington by trolley. Just 
before it is reached, one sees the 
Wright Tavern, built in 1747. Here 
the British commander, Major Pit- 
cairn, as he stirred his brandy and 
water, boasted he would stir the blood 
of the Yankee rebels. From the hill 
nearly opposite, Pitcairn watched the 
battle at the bridge. 
WRIGHT TAVERN p^.^^^^^ ^^^^ ^qmxve, a sign points the 

way uj) Monument Street to the Battle-Ground. Turning into a 
lane, with dark pines on either side, one comes to the monument 
to the unknown British dead, which marks the site of the conflict. 
The setting is particularly impressive, and as he crosses "the rude 
bridge that arched the flood," looks at French's statue of the brave 
young minuteman, and reads the inscription on the monument, no 
American can fail to be moved. 

Following the retreat of the British a mile or so on the Lexington 
road, to Merriam's Corners, one sees the place where the enemy 
were attacked by the farmers and townspeople, and fled in confusion. 

Starting again from the Common and going up Lexington Road, 
one sees first the beautiful Unitarian Church, built on the same lines 
as the former church, which was destroyed by fire in 1900. In a 
still older church, on the same site, the Provincial Congress met in 
1774. 

Across the street, a little way beyond, is the house of the Concord 
Antiquarian Society, and farther on the right is Ralph Waldo Emer- 
son's house, still occupied by his daughter. About a half mile 
farther, on the left, is a brown house with a curious building on one 




(U'lDK 'I'O BOSTON 



l.-)! 



side. Tliis is the " Orchard House," tnic of tlu- lioiiu-s of tlir AicoUs, 
and in tlie little hiiildin^ the '* Concord School of Philosophy " met. 



\\ 



as at (litVerent times tlie liome of 



'I'he •* Wayside," just l)eyon(i. 
the Alcotts and Hawthorne. 
Tlie next iiouse to the Way- 
side is the home of Ki)liraim 
Hull, who developetl from 
the wild ^'rai)e the delicious 
and widely eulti\ate<l ( "on- 
cord ^Taj)e. 

Keturning to the S(iuare, 
one sees on the left the Hill- 
side Burying Ground, old 
an<l (juaint.l)Ut not e(|ualin^ 
in interest the beautiful 
Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, a 
>hort distance away on Jird- 
ford Strnf, where rest Km- 
er«^on. Hawthorne. Thoreau. 
Loui-a Alcott and li» r 
father, and many uk inlter> 
of the di.tin,i:uid.e,| Hoar 
family. 

Many other |)laces in 
Concord arc W(trth seeing; 
— The Old Manse, near the 
Minuteman, where Haw- 
thorne livecl and wrote 
"Mosses from an Old 
Manse"; the Public Library 
and Peter Pulkeley's house 
amon^ them. The village 
has been callc(l the mo^t 
interesting one in America, and its natural beauties of meadow and 
river and peaceful village streets would alone justify a visit. 

The New England 1 )caconcss Association (Methodist) of Boston 
maintains here a cottage hospital of 2.") beds to serve the surroimdinj; 
territory. It is between Concord an<l Concord Junction, just off 
the car line, on the old "nine acre road," 




/.. 'itthhini. Photo. 

MIXITE-MW, CONCORD 

lit/ the rinlf (triiiijc (hat arrfiid thejlood, 
r/ifii\rfiiii ^' April's bnrzf iiii/iii/e</, 

J/rif iiriri' (lif mihattliil Jurmris slooil. 
And Jiied the shut heard round Hit iroild. 



POINTS OF INTEREST REACHED BY THE 
BOSTON ELEVATED RAILWAY 

THE transportation system of Boston subway, surface, and 
elevated lines, is practically under the control of the Boston 
Elevated Company. Although the fare is ten cents, free 
transfers are distributed for use between the different lines. It is, 
therefore, rarely necessary to pay more than a single fare to ride 
between points in this company's territory, which includes about 
one hundred sc^uare miles. Transfers are given only on request, 
when one enters the car. 

The Bay State Street Railway system connects with the Elevated 
system at many of the suburban points. 

The arrangement of the subway and elevated lines has been 
described under the chapter ''How to Find the Way about the 
City." 

Near Park Street Subway Station. 

Boston Common. 

Park Street Church. 

Robert Gould Shaw Memorial. 

State House. 

Granary Burying Ground. 

King's Chapel. 

King's Chapel Burying Ground. 

Near Adams Square Subway Station (or Milk and State 
Tunnel Stations). 

Faneuil Hall. 
Quincy Market. 
Old State House. 
Old South Church. 
Stock Exchange. 
City Hall. 

Near Battery Street Elevated Station. 

Christ Church. 
Paul Revere's House. 
Copp's Hill Burying Ground. 
Constitution Wharf. 

152 



(;riI)K TO BOSTON' ir)3 

Back Bay. HeaclR*<I l>y Suiitli Huntington Avcnuo or Huntington 
Avenue cars from l*ark Street Suhway. 

1. Copley Square. 

Museum of Natural History. 
Trinity Cluircli. 
Public Library. 
('oi)lcy-Plaza Hotel. 
New Old South ("hurch. 
lioston I'liiversity. 

2. Huntington Avenue and The Fenway. 

Mechanics BuiMing. 

Christian Science Cliin-ch. 

Horticultural Hall. 

Symj)hony Hall. 

New Knglaml ConserNatory of Music. 

Voung Men's Christian .Association. 

Tufts College Medical and Dental Schools. 

Forsyth Dental Infirmary for Children. 

Museum of Fine Arts. 

.*~^innnons College. 

Cardncr Museum of .Vrt. 

3. Medical Section. 

Harvanl Medical School. 

Harvard Dental School. 

Collis 1*. Huntington Meniori;il Ho>|»ital. 

IVter Bent Brigham Hospital. 

Robert Breck Brigham Hosi)ital. 

Klks' Reconstruction Hospital. 

Children's Hosi)ital. 

Infants' Hospital. 

Carnegie Nutrition Laboratory. 

House of the (lood Samaritan. 

Angell Memorial (Annual) Hospital. 

Massachusetts College of Pharmacy. 

Psychopathic Hospital. 

West End. Reached by Charles Street surface cars from Copley 
Scjuare or Arlington Street Subway Station, or from ScoUay 
Scjuare Cnder. 

Massachusett-> (;.-ii<r;il no>pital. 

Charlesbank. 



154 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. 
Boston Lying-In Hospital. 
Louisburg Square. 

South End. Reached by elevated trains to Northampton Street, 
or by south-bound surface cars on Massachusetts Avenue. 
Boston City Hospital. 

Boston City Hospital Contagious Department. 
Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital. 
Boston University Medical School. 

South Boston. Reached by subway trains from Park Street Under 
to Broadway Station. 
Carney Hospital. 
Dorchester Heights. 
Marine Park. 

Charlestown. Reached by elevated trains to City Square. 
Bunl^:er Hill Monument. 
United States Navy Yard. 

From Sullivan Square Elevated Terminal. 

Prospect Hill |^ ^ .„ 

Old Powder House j "^ 
Tufts College ^ 
Royall House ^ ]\Iedford. 
Craddock House ) 
Middlesex Fells Reservation. 

Brookline. Reached by Huntington Avenue cars from Park 
Street Subway. 

Free Hospital for Women. 

Hospitals on Corey Hill. Reached by Beacon Street or 
Commonwealth Avenue cars from Park Street Subway. 

Cambridge. Reached by Harvard Square subway cars from Park 
Street Under or surface cars from Massachusetts Station. 
Harvard University. 
Washington Elm. 
Longfellow House. 
Lowell House. 
Mt. Auburn Cemetery. 
Stadium and Soldiers' Field. 



(aiDK TO BOSTON 15.') 

Dorchester. lir;i(Iic<l l»y timiu'l from Park Street TikKt to 
Aiulivw S(juarc StalitJii. 
Old Hlake House. 
Meeting-House Hill. 
Dorchester North Buryin<^ Ciro\ni<l. 

Forest Hills. Keaclietl hy soutli-hound elevated trains to I-\)rest 
Hills Station. 

Bussey Institution. 

Arnold Arhoretuni. 
By Mattapan surface cars from Egleston Sfjuare Station: 

Boston State Hosi)ital. 

Consumi)tivcs' Hospital Department. 

Roxbury. Reached hy surface cars from Dudley Street Terminal. 
I'ranklin Park. 
Uoxhury High Fort. 
Parting Stone. 

Jamaica Plain. Reached by .lanuiica Plain cars from Park .Street 
Sn I )\vay. 

Jamaica Pond Parkway. 
Faulkner Hosj)ital. 
Adams .Nervine .\svhnn 



M 



SIGHT-SEEING TOURS 

OTOR tours are conducted by three companies to the fol- 
lowing places: 

Historic Boston and Bunker Hill. 

Residential Boston, Brookline, and Cambridge. 

Lexington and Concord. 

Salem and Marblehead. 

Plymouth and the South Shore. 

Gloucester and the North Shore. 

Newton and Wellesley. 

The starting places are as follows: 

Royal Blue Line : Hotel Brunswick, cor. Boylston and Clarendon 

Streets. 
Colonial Sight-Seeing Tours : Park Square. 
Rockett Tours : Park Square. 



156 



SOME lu^STox riirRrnE?; 

Arlington Street C'luireli (Unitarian), Arlington and Boylston 

Streets, liaek Bay. 
Bulfineli Place Clnirch (Unitarian). Bulfinch Place, West End. 
Brighton Evangelical Congregational Ulnirch, Washington cor. 

Dighton Street, Brighton. 
Cathedral of the Holy Cross (Roman Catholic), Washington and 

Maiden Streets, South End. 
Central Congregational Church, Elm cor. Scaverns Ave., Jamaica 

Plain. 
Central Church (Congregationalj, Berkeley and Xewhury Streets, 

Back Bay. 
Channing Church (Unitarian), 275 East Cottage Street, Dor- 
chester. 
Christ Church (Protestant Episcopal). Salem Street. North End 

(The "Old North Church"). 
Ciuirch of Our Lady of Perix-tual Help (Roman Catholic). l.")h") 

Treuiont Street, Roxhury. 
Ciiurch of Our Saviour (Protestant Episcopal), Alhano Street, 

Roslin<lale. 
Church of the Advent (Protestant Ei)iscopal). '.'A) Brimmer Street, 

West End. 
Church of the Disciples (Unitarian). Petcrl)orough and Jersey 

Streets. Back Bay. 
Clnirch of the Holy Trinity ((u-rman R»>man Catholic), 110 Shaw- 

nuit Avenue. South End. 
Church of the Immaculate Conception (Roman Catholic), Harriscm 

.\ venue and East Coneord Street, South End. 
Church of the Messiah (Protestant Ei)iscopal), St. Stephen and 

Gainsborough Streets, Back Bay. 
Church of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian), bJO Bowdoin Street, 

West End. 
Clarendon Street Church (Baptist), Claren<lon and Montgomery 

Streets, South End. 
I)t)rchester Second Church (Congregational), Codman Square, 

Dorchester. 
Dudley Street Baptist Church, 139 Dudley Street, Roxbury. 
Eliot Church of Roxbury (Congregational), 30 Kenihvorth Street, 

Roxbun.-. 
Emmanuel Church (Protestant Episcopal), 1.') Newbury Street, 

Back Bay. 

157 



158 AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 

Emmanuel Church, Stratford cor. Clement Avenue, West Roxbury. 
First Baptist Church, Commonwealth Avenue cor. Clarendon 

Street, Back Bay. 
First Baptist Church in Dorchester, 423 Ashmont Street. 
Fu-st Church (Methodist Episcopal), Temple Street, West End. 
First Church in Boston (Unitarian), cor. Berkeley and Marlbo- 
rough Streets, Back Bay. 
First Church of Christ Scientist, Falmouth, Norway, and St. Paul 

Streets, Back Bay. 
First Congregational Society (Unitarian), Eliot and Centre Streets, 

Jamaica Plain. 
First Parish Church in Dorchester (Unitarian), Meeting-House Hill. 
First Presbyterian Church, Berkeley Street and Columbus Avenue, 

South End. 
First Religious Society (Unitarian), Eliot Square, Roxbury. 
Friends' Meeting House, 210 Townsend Street, Roxbury. 
Immanuel Walnut Avenue Church (Congregational), Walnut 

Avenue and Dale Street, Roxbury. 
Kenesseth Israel (Jewish), 15 Emerald Street, South End. 
King's Chapel (Unitarian), Tremont and School Streets, Central 

District. 
Mishkan Tefila (Jewish), Moreland cor. Copeland Street, Roxbury. 
Mt. Vernon Church (Congregational), Beacon Street and Massa- 
chusetts Avenue, Back Bay. 
Notre Dame des Victoires (French Roman Catholic), 25 Isabella 

Street, South End. 
Old South Church (Congregational), Dartmouth and Boylston 

Streets, Back Bay. 
Park Street Church (Congregational), Tremont and Park Streets, 

Central District. 
People's Temple (Methodist Episcopal), Columbus Avenue and 

Berkeley Street, South End. 
Ruggles Street Baptist Church, 163 Ruggles Street, Roxbury, South 

End. 
St. Ceciha's (Roman Catholic), Belvidere Street, near Massachusetts 

Station, Back Bay. 
St. John the Evangelist (Protestant Episcopal), 35 Bow^doin Street, 

West End. 
St. Leonard's of Port Morris (Italian Roman Catholic), 33 Prince 

Street, North End. 
St. Mark's (English Lutheran), 29 Winthrop Street, Roxbury. 
Second Church in Boston (Unitarian), Beacon Street and Audubon 

Road, Back Bay. 



GUIDE TO IJOSTON 159 

Sliawnmt Church (Congregational), Treniont an<l HiookHne Streets, 
South End. 

South Congregational Society (Unitarian). Xewhury and Exeter 
Streets, Back Bay. 

Temple Adath Israel (Jewish), Commonwealth Avenue and Bland- 
ford Streets, Back Bay. 

Temple Beth El (Jewish), 94 Fowler Street, Dorchester. 

The CatluMlral of St. Paul (Protestant Episcopal), 136 Tremont 
Street, Central District. 

Tremont Street Metho<list Episcopal Church, Tremont and West 
Concord Streets, South End. 

Tremont Temple (Baptist), SS Tremont Street, Central District. 

Trinity Church (Protestant Episcopal), Copley Square, Back Bay. 

Union Church (Congregational), 4S5 Columbus Avenue, South End. 

Unity Church (Si)iritualist). Jordan Hall, Huntington Ave., Back 
Bav. 



SOME BOSTON HOTELS 

Adams House, Washington Street near Boylston Street, Central 

District. 
American House, Hanover Street near Elm Street, North End. 
Arlington, Chandler Street at Arlington Square, South End. 
Avery, 24 Avery Street, Central District. 

Bellevue, Beacon Street near Somerset Street, Central District. 
Boston Tavern, 347 Washington Street, Central District. 
Brunswick, Boylston Street at Clarendon Street, Back Bay. 
Buckminster, 645 Beacon Street, cor. Brookline Avenue, Back Bay. 
Clarendon, Tremont Street near Clarendon Street, South End. 
Commonwealth, 86 Bowdoin Street, West End. 
Copley-Plaza, Copley Square, Back Bay. 

Copley Square, Huntington Avenue and Exeter Street, Back Bay. 
Crawford House, Court and Brattle Streets, Scollay Square, Central 

District. 
Essex, Dewey Square, opposite South Station, Central District. 
Fritz-Carlton, 1138 Boylston Street, near Fenway, Back Bay. 
Garrison Hall, 8 Garrison Street, off Huntington Avenue, Back Bay. 
Hemenway, 91 Westland Avenue, near Fenway, Back Bay. 
Langham, 1697 Washington, cor. Worcester Street, South End. 
Lenox, Boylston and Exeter Streets, Back Bay. 
Oxford, 46 Huntington Avenue, opposite Exeter Street, Back Ba3\ 
Parker House, School and Tremont Streets, Central District. 
Plaza, 419 Columbus Avenue, South End. 
Puritan, 390 Commonwealth Avenue, Back Bay. 
Putnam's, 284 Huntington Avenue, Back Bay. 
Quincy House, Brattle Street and Brattle Square, Central District. 
Savoy, 455 Columbus Avenue, South End. 

Somerset, Commonwealth Avenue and Charlesgate East, Back Bay. 
Touraine, Boylston and Tremont Streets, Central District. 
United States Hotel, Beach, Lincoln, and Kingston Streets, South 

End. 
Vendome, Commonwealth Avenue and Dartmouth Streets, Back 

Bay. 
Victoria, Dartmouth and Newbury Streets, Back Bay. 
Westminster, Copley Square, Back Bay. 
Young's, Court Street and Court Square, Central District. 



160 



THEATERS 

Arlington, 421 Treniont Street. 

Boston Opera House, 335 Hiuitington Avenue. 

Colonial, 100 Boylston Street, near Tremont Street. 

Copley, ISG Dartmouth Street, opp. Back Bay Station. 

Gaiety (burlesque), 0()1 Washington Street. 

Globe, G92 Washington Street. 

HoUis Street, 14 Hollis Street (between Washington and Treniont). 

Keith's (vaudeville), 547 Washington Street (also an entrance at 

102 Tremont Street). 
Orpheum (vaudeville), 415 Washington Street, near Winter Street. 
Park Scpiare, Park Square, cor. Columbus Avenue. 
Plymouth, 129 P^liot Street, near Tremont Street. 
St. James (vaudeville), 239 Huntington Avenue, near Massachusetts 

Avenue. 
Shul)ert, 205 Tremont Street, near Hollis Street. 
Tremont, 170 Tremont Street, oi)posite Boylston Street Subway. 
Waldron's Casino (burlesque), M Hanover Street, near Scoilay 

Square. 
Wilbur, Ve, 250 Tremont Street, near Eliot Street. 



101 



MOVING-PICTURE THEATERS 

Allston, 128 Brighton Avenue, Allston. 

Beacon, 47 Tremont Street, near Beacon Street. 

Boston, 539 Washington Street, near West Street. 

Exeter Street, Exeter Street, cor. Newbury. 

Fenway, 136 Massachusetts Avenue, near Boylston Street. 

Gordon's Olympia, 658 Washington Street, near Boylston Street. 

Majestic, 219 Tremont Street, near Boylston Street. 

Modern, 523 Washington Street, near West Street. 

Old South, 329 Washington Street. 

Olympic, 6 Bowdoin Square. 

Park, 619 Washington Street, near Boylston Street. 

Scollay Square Olympia, 3 Tremont Row (near Scollay Square). 

Strand, 175 Huntington Avenue and 545 Columbia Road, Dorchester. 



162 



PLACES OF AMUSEMENT 

Xonnnho^a Park, consisting of a zoological garden, open-air theater, 
restaurant, and l)oat-liouse, is in the township of Newton on the 
hank of the Charles River, at Riverside. The canoeing facilities 
are excellent. It is reachetl hy trolley cars from the Park Street 
Station of the Subway, or hy steam trains from South Station to 
Riverside. 

Revere Beach: Bathing, amusement enterprises, and ocean view. 
Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad at Rowe's Wharf, 
trains every fifteen minutes. Also trolley cars from Scollay 
Scpiare Subway. 

Xantasket Beach: Bathing, ocean view, "Paragon Park," shore 
dinners. New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad from 
South Station to Nantasket Junction and thence by trolley; or 
better by steamer from Rowe's Wharf. 

National league Baseball CIroun<ls, Braves Field, Commonwealth 
Avenue, cars from Park Street Subway. 

American Ix^ague Baseball (irounds, Fenway Park, cars from Park 
Street Subway to Kenniore Station, also Ii)swich-Boylston Street 
cars. 

Marine Park, South Boston: Restaurant, view of harbor, aquarium. 
Park Street Under to Broa<lway Station, change to City Point 
surface car. Also connections with Washington Street Subway. 

Franklin Park: Golf, zoo, a beautiful w<)ode<l park. Cars from 
Fgleston Square Station, marke<l ^Littapan. 

Popular Concerts: "Pops," Symphony Hall, Huntington and 
Massachusetts Avenues, S p.m., daily except Sunday. 



163 



RESTAURANTS 

Acorn Lunch Room, 144 Tremont Street (Ladies). 
Cann's, Boylston Street, near Massachusetts Avenue. 
Cann's Sea Grill, Canal Street, near North Station. 
Child's, 269 and 607 Washington Street; 92 Summer Street. 
Colonial, Shepard Norwell Co., Tremont Street, opp. Park Street 

Station. 
Cook's, 150 Boylston Street. 
DeLuxe, 495 Washington Street. 
Dupont, 40 West Street. 

Durgin, Park & Co., 30 North Market Street, near Faneuil Hall. 
Dutch Room, Hotel Touraine, cor. Tremont and Boylston Streets. 
Egyptian Room, Hotel Brunswick, cor. Clarendon and Boylston 

Streets. 
English Tea Room, 160B Tremont Street; 42 Broad Street (Ladies). 
Filene's, cor. Washington and Summer Streets. 
Gingerbread Tea Room, 172 Tremont Street (Ladies). 
Jones and Marshall, 28 Merchant's Row, near Adams Square. 
Joy Young and Co. (Chinese), 630 Washington Street. 
Laboratory Kitchen, Inc., 66 Kingston Street; 243 Washington 

Street. 
Louis (French), 15 Fayette Court, near Washington Street. 
Low Hong Joy (Chinese), 8 Tyler Street. 

Marston's, 121 Summer; 81 Devonshire; 1070 Boylston Street. 
Mary Elizabeth Tea Room, cor. Park and Tremont Streets. 
Minerva Cafe, 216 Huntington Avenue. 
Nankin (Chinese), 83 Harrison Avenue. 
Napoli Cafeteria, 286 Huntington Avenue. 
New England Kitchen, 39A Charles Street. 
North Station, Causeway Street. 
Pilgrim Lunch, 33 W^est Street; 25 Temple Place; 55 Franklin Street 

(Ladies). 
Priscilla, 305 Huntington Avenue. 
Rathskeller, American House, 56 Hanover Street. 
Santung (Chinese), 241 Huntington Avenue. 
Seville, Boylston Street, near Tremont. 

Shooshan's Cafe, 146 Massachusetts Avenue, near Boylston Street. 
South Station, Dewey Square. 
Thompson's Spa, 219 W^ashington Street. 

Woman's Educational and Lidustrial Union, 264 Boylston Street 
(Ladies). 

164 



GLIDE TO BOSTON 165 

The following hotels have restaurants of excellent quality: 

Adams House, 553 Washington Street, also entrance on Mason 

Street. 
Bellevue, 21 Beacon Street. 
Copley Plaza, Copley Square. 

Essex, Atlantic Avenue and P^ssex Street (near South Station). 
Lenox, cor. Boylston and Exeter Streets. 
Parker House, GO School Street, cor. Treniont Street. 
Puritan, 390 Commonwealth Avenue. 
Somerset, 400 Conunonwealth Avenue. 
Young's, 20 Court Street and Court S(piare. 



INDEX 



Page numbers In heavy type Indicate the chief treatment 
of a subject, the other figures merely where it is mentioned. 



A 

Adams, John, birthplace, 144; 
tomb, 143. 

Adams, John Quincy, birthplace, 
144; tomb, 143. 

Adams Mansion (Quincy), 144. 

Adams, Samuel, 6; home of, site, 
20; statue, 30; grave, 19. 

Adams Square, 30. 

Adath Israel, Temple, 51. 

Advent, Church of the, 98. 

Alcott, Louisa, grave, 151. 

Aldens, burial place, 145. 

Algonquin Club, 51. 

American Waltham Watch Com- 
pany, 128. 

Amusement, places of, 163. 

Ancient and Honorable Artillery 
Company, 31. 

Andrew, John A., monument, 145. 

Anesthesia, Surgical, history of, 
87-92. 

Angell Memorial Hospital for 
Animals, 75. 

"Appeal to the Great Spirit," 
statue, 60. 

Aquarium, 113. 

Arboretum, Arnold, 121. 

Arena, 64. 

Arlington Street Church, 52. 

Armory, Commonwealth, 51. 

Armory of First Corps Cadets, 47. 

Army and Navy Monument, 22. 

Arsenal, United States (Water- 
town), 128. 

Art Club, 52. 



Athenaeum, 28. 
Athletic Association, 57. 
Atlantic Monthly, office of, 49. 
Attucks, Crispus, Monument, 

21. 
"Avery Oak" (Dedham), 123. 

B 

Baby Hygiene Association, 53. 
Back Bay District, 48-82. 
Back Bay Station, 11. 
Baptist Hospital, New England, 

80. 
Basin, Metropolitan Park, 50. 
Beacon Hill, 2; the Beacon, 27. 
Beacon Street, 13, 49-50. 
Bell Tower (Hingham), 145. 
Beth Israel Hospital, 120. 
Bigelow, Dr. Henry J., 89, 90. 
Blackstone, William, 1, 21. 
Blake House, "Ye Olde," 114. 
Boston, a city, 8. 
Boston as a port, 10. 
Boston churches, 157-159. 
Boston College, High School, 45; 

Liberal Arts Department, 124. 
Boston Common, 20. 
Boston, divisions of, 8. 
Boston Harbor, 104-106. 
Boston Health Department, 17- 

18. 
Boston hotels, 160. 
Boston Library (private), 52. 
Boston Light (history), 106. 
Boston Lightship, 106. 
"Boston Massacre," 6, 21, 32. 
Boston Port Bill, 6. 



166 



LNDEX 



167 



Boston Statr Hospital (Insane 
Asylum). 115, 116. 

"Boston Stone," 100. 

"Boston Tea Party," ('>. 15. 

Boston Theater, 21. 

Boston University, School of 
Medicine, 40; Liberal Arts Ue- 
partrnent, 53, 57. 

Bostonian Society, 32. 

Howtlitch, Dr. Henry Ingersoll, 
site of house, ')'2. 

Boylston Market, 22. 

Boylston Street, \'A, 52-58. 

Boylston, Zalxliel, 5. 

Bradford, (lovernor, hurial place, 
147. 

Brattle S(iuare Church, 7; site of, 
30. 

Brewer Fountain, 2\. 

Brewster, Elder, hurial i)lace, 145; 
chair, 147. 

Bri^'harii, Peter Bent, Hospital. 
73-74. 

Bri^'hani, Robert Breck, Hospital, 
79-80. 

"Brook Fann" (West Uoxbury), 
123. 

Brookline, 124. 

Brookline Board of Health Hos- 
pital. 124. 

Brooks Hosi)ital, 125. 

Brooks, Phillii>s, statue, 54; res- 
idence, 52; grave, 135; "Phillips 
Brooks House" (Cambridge), 
133. 

Biickiuan Tavern (Lexington), 
IV.K 

Bunker Hill, battle of, 7; Monu- 
ment, 109. 

Brunswick Hotel, 53. 

Burial Hill (Plymouth), 147. 

Burns, Robert, statue, 00. 

Bussey Institution, 121. 



Cambridge, 130-137. 

Cambridge Bridge, ',)6. 

Cambridge Hospital, 130. 

Cancer Hospital, Huntington, 76- 
77. 

Cape Cod Canal, 148. 

Cardinal's office, 50. 

Carnegie Nutrition Laboratory. 
70. 

Carney Hospital, 112. 

Carver, (Jovernor, chair, 147. 

Cathedral of the Holy Cross, 37 

Central Burying Cround, 22. 

Central ("hurch, 52. 

Central or Business District, 
15-34. 

('banning Ibmie, S2. 

('banning, William Ellery, statue, 
40. 

Charlesbank Playground. *.M"». 

Charlesgate Hospital, 132. 

Charles Street. 14. 96-97. 

Charles Street Jail, \H\. 

Charlestown and Chelsea. 107- 
109. 

Charlestown Heights, \m. 

Charlestown Navy Yard, 107. 

Chauncy, Charles, 4. 

Cheever, Dr. David W., 39. 

Chestnut Hill Reservoir, 124. 

(^hild, Dr. Robert, 3. 

Chilflren's Hospital, 77; Con- 
valescent Home, 79. 

Children's Island Sanitarium. 
140. 

Children's Mu.scuin, 121. 

Chilton Club, 51. 

Christ Church, 100-101. 

Christ Church (Cambridge), 134. 

('hristian Endeavor, United So- 
ciety _^of, S3. 



168 



INDEX 



Christian Science Church and 
"Mother Church," 63. 

Churches, some Boston, 157-159. 

City Club, 28. 

City Hall and Annex, 17. 

City Hospital, 37-45; South De- 
partment, 43; Relief Station, 
Haymarket Square, 44; East 
Boston, 45, 110; Convalescent 
Home, 45, 115. 

City Point, 113. 

Clark, Dr. John, 4. 

Codfish, historic, 28. 

Cole's Hill (Plymouth), 146. 

Cole's Inn, Samuel, site of, 16. 

Commonwealth Avenue, 13, 50- 
51. 

Commonwealth Docks, 104, 113. 

Community Health and Tuber- 
culosis Demonstration (Fram- 
ingham), 129. 

Concord, 150. 

Concord Battle Ground, 150. 

Concord Cottage Hospital, 151. 

Congregational House, 28. 

Conservatory of Music, 64. 

"Constitution," frigate, 108. 

Constitution Wharf, 103. 

Consumptives' Hospital Depart- 
ment, 116. 

Copley-Plaza Hotel, 54. 

Copley Square, 53. 

Copp's Hill Burying Ground, 102. 

Corey Hill Hospital, 125. 

Cornhill, 29. 

Cottage Hospital (Concord), 151. 

Cotton, John, site of house, 28. 

County Court House, 28; (Plym- 
outh), 147. 

Craddock House (Medford), 137. 

Craigie Bridge, site of, 96. 

Crippled Children, Industrial 
School for, 64. 



Gushing Hospital, 80. 
Custom House, 33, 104. 



Daye, Stephen, site of house 
(Cambridge), 134. 

Deaconess Hospital, 82. 

Dedham Historical Society, 123. 

Deer Island, 105. 

Dental Infirmary for Children, 
Forsyth, 60. 

Derby Academy (Hingham), 144. 

Des Brisay Hospital, 52. 

Disciples, Church of the, 62. 

Dispensary, Boston, 36. 

District Nursing Association, 36, 
45. 

Dock Square, 2, 9, 30. 

Doctors' Central Telephone Ex- 
change, 52. 

Dorchester, 114-116. 

Dorchester North Burying Ground, 
114. 

Douglass, Dr. William, 5. 

Dry Dock at South Boston, 113. 

Duxbury, 145. 

E 

East Boston, 3, 110-111. 

East Boston Tunnel, 110. 

Eastern Yacht Club (Marble- 
head), 140. 

Elevated Railway, 12, 13. 

Elevated Railway, points of in- 
terest reached by, 152-155. 

Eliot Burying Ground (Roxbury), 
118. 

Eliot Hospital, 62. 

Eliot, John, 117; place of burial, 
118; donated land, 121; site of 
home, 119. 

Eliot School (Jamaica Plain), 121. 

Elks' Reconstruction Hospital, 80. 



INDEX 



169 



" iMiKiiU'ipation (iroup" statue, 

40. 
EuuTson Hospital (JaTiiaica Plain), 

IJJ. 
Imiiitsoii, Ualjjh Waldo, house, 

150; burial i)lacr, 151. 
Emmanuel Church, oj. 
English High School, 47. 
Esplanade, 50. 
Essex Institute (Salem), 141. 
lather, first use of in surjjery, 87- 

92; Monument, 4.S. 
Evans Memorial Building, 45. 
Everett, Edward, statue of, 114; 

grave of, 13(). 
Eye and Ear Infirmary, 95-96. 



Fairbanks HrMise (l)c<lhaTii\ 123. 

Fancuil Hall, 30. 

Eantiiil, I'der, mansion, site, 'M); 
grave, 11). 

Fann and Trades School ('riioin])- 
son's Island), 105. 

I'arragut, Admiral I)a\id (I., 
statue of, 113. 

Faidkner Hospital, 122. 

Fenway, 58. 

Fenway Court, 01. 

Ferry, Charlestown, 2. 

Fires in IJoston, 1); great fire of 
1872, 15. 

Firmin, Dr. Giles, 4, 

First African Methodist Episco- 
pal Church, 98. 

First Baptist Clmrch, 51. 

First Baptist meeting-house, 100. 

First Church, 50. 

First District Writing School, 
site, 29. 

First Parish Church (Quincy), 143. 

Fish Pier, 104, 113. 

Fishing industry, 10. 



Floating Hospital, 103-104. 

Ford Memorial, 28. 

Forefathers' ^Monument (Plym- 
outh), 148. 

Fore River Works (Quincy), 144. 

Forest Hills Cemetery, 120. 

Forsyth Dental Infirmary, GO. 

Fort Hill. 3. 

Fort Hill Sipiare, 15. 

Fort Independence, 104, 113. 

Fowle. Marshall House (Water- 
town), 128. 

Franklin, Benjamin, 9; birthplace, 
site, 16; statue, 17; "Lighthouse 
Tragedy," 100. 

Franklin, James, printing office, 
site, 29; grave and in<»nnmtnt, 
19. 

Franklin Park. 122. 

Franklin Srjuare House, 'M . 

Franklin Union, !<, 47. 

Free Home for ( 'onsuiiii»ti\('s, 
115. 

Free Hospital for Women, 126. 

Freshman Dormitories (Cam- 
bridge), 135. 

Frog Pond. 9, 23. 

Frost, Rufus S., Hospital (Cliel- 
sca), 109. 

Fuller, Dr. Samuel. 4. 



Gallows Hill (Salem), 140. 

Gardner, Mrs. John L., home and 
museum, ()1. 

Gerry, Elbridge, birthplace, 140. 

Girls' High School, 40. 

Girls' Latin and Normal Schools, 
62. 

Gloucester, 141. 

Ciorges, Robert, 1. 

Governor's house, site of (Charles- 
town), 107. 



170 



INDEX 



Granary Burying Ground, 19. 
" Great Elm " on Boston Common, 

22. 
Greater Boston, 7-8. 
Green Dragon Tavern, site of, 99. 



Hale, Edward Everett, statue of, 
49; his church, 52. 

Hancock-Clark House (Lexing- 
ton), 150. 

Hancock, John, site of house, 23; 
grave and monument, 19. 

Harvard Club of Boston, 51. 

Harvard College Yard, 132. 

Harvard Dental School, 74-75. 

Harvard, John, monument, 107; 
statue, 133. 

Harvard Medical School, 66-73; 
on Longwood Avenue, 72. 

Harvard Square (Cambridge), 132. 

Harvard Stadium (Cambridge), 
135. 

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, birthplace, 
141; oflfice, 141; grave, 151. 

Haynes, John C, Hospital for 
Contagious Diseases, 125-126. 

Health, Department of Public, of 
Massachusetts, 24. 

Hersey, Dr. Abner, 144. 

Hersey, Dr. Ezekiel, 144. 

High School of Commerce, 62. 

Hillside Burying Ground (Con- 
cord), 151. 

Hingham, 144. 

Hoar, Leonard, 4. 

Holmes, Dr. Oliver Wendell, 4, 
36; Hall, portrait, bust, and 
library, 59; site of offices and 
dwellings, 52, 96; partial poems, 
117, 139. 

Holy Ghost Hospital for Incur- 
ables (Cambridge), 132. 



Home for Destitute Roman 
Catholic Children, 45. 

Home for Incurables,Boston (Dor- 
chester), 115. 

Home for Little Wanderers, 119. 

Horticultural Hall, 63. 

Hotels, some Boston, 160; restau- 
rants of, 165. 

House of Correction (Deer Island), 
105. 

"House of Seven Gables" (Salem), 
141. 

House of the Good Samaritan, 
74. 

House of the Good Shepherd, 118. 

Howard Athenaeum, 29. 

Howland, John, burial place, 147. 

Humphrey, John, House (Swamp- 
scott), 138. 

Huntington Avenue, 13. 

Huntington Avenue Station, 11. 

Huntington, Collis P., Memorial 
Hospital, 76-77. 

Hutchinson, Anne, 4; dwelling, 
site of, 16. 

I 

Immaculate Conception, Church 
of the, 45. 

Independence Monument (Beacon 
Hill), 27. 

Infants' Hospital, 79. 

Instructive District Nursing Asso- 
ciation, 36, 45. 



Jackson College (Somerville), 137. 
Jamaica Plain and West Roxbury, 

121-123. 
Jamaica Pond, 9, 121. 
Jerusalem Road (Cohasset), 145. 
Jones, Margaret, 4. 
Jordan Hall, 64. 



INDEX 



171 



K 

King's Chapel, IS; Biiryin.i 
Ground, 18. 



Latin School house, first, site of, 

17; present, 47. 
l.ee. Col. Jeremiah, mansion 

(Marblehcad), 140. 
Leif Ericson, statue, 51. 
Lexington, 149. 

Lexington ami Coneonl, 149-151. 
Liberty Tree, 1*2. 
Lincoln, Ahraliam, statue, 4('i. 
Little OHice Building. l'L>. 
Little Sisters of the Loor, 114. 
Longfellow House (Cambridge), 

r.ir>. 

Long Island Hospital, lOo. 

Long, J<jhn D., monument, 14.'). 

" Long I'ath, The," 2;j. 

Long Wharf, 33. 

Loring-Cireenough homestea<l, 121. 

Louisburg Sijuare, 97. 

Lowell, James Russell, home of, 

13(5; grave of, 13(). 
L Street Public Bath, 113. 
Lying-in Hospital. 83-84; South 

End Branch, 37. 
Lynn Hospital, 13S. 

M 

McLean Hospital. 94. 

McXary Park, 113. 

Mann, Horace, statue of, 27; 

School for the Deaf, 52. 
Map of Old Boston, opp. 3 ; M<k krn 

Boston, opp. 176. 
Marl)lehead, 139. 
^Marine Hospital, 108-109. 
Marine Park, 112. 
Marlborough Street, 50. 



Marshall's Lane, 09. 

Marsh field, 145. 

Martin Luther Orplians' Home, 
123. 

"^Nlary and John," sliij), 2. lOG. 

Masonic Temple, 22. 

Massachusetts Avenue, 13. 

Massachusetts Charitable Eye 
and Ear Infirmary, 95-96. 

^Massachusetts College of Pliar- 
macy, 76. 

Massachusetts General Hospital, 
84-95. 

Massachusetts Hall (Cambridge), 
133. 

Massachusetts Historical Society, 
58. 

MassacluLsetts Homeopathic Hos- 
pital, 45; Maternity Depart- 
ment, 45; Hospital for Conta- 
gious Diseases, 125-126. 

Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
nology, 130-132. 

Massachu.setts Medical Society, 
59-60. 

Massachusetts ^Vomen's Hospital, 
SO. 

"Mathers, Church of the," 103. 

Mather, Cotton, 5. 

Maverick Dispensary, 110. 

Maverick. Samuel, 3; site of house, 
110. 

Mechanic Arts High School. .58. 

^leclianics Building, 62-63. 

Medford, 137. 

Medical Baths, 57. 

Medical Examimrs, IMassachu- 
setts system of. 42. 

Medical Library, 58-59. 

]Meeting-House Hill Church, 
114. 

Mental Diseases, Department of, 
25-27. 



172 



INDEX 



Mental Diseases, Observation 
Hospital, 81-82. 

Metropolitan District, 8. 

Metropolitan Park System, 142. 

"Mill Dam," site of, 50. 

Minot's Ledge Light, 145. 

Minute-Man (Concord), 151. 

Mission Church, 118. 

Morgan Memorial Chapel, 46. 

Morse, S. F. B., 9; bu-thplace, 107. 

Morton, Thomas, 1. 

Morton, William Thomas Green, 
9, 87, 88. 

Mortuary, Southern, 42; North- 
ern, 95. 

Moving-Picture Theaters, 162. 

Mt. Auburn Cemetery, 136. 

Mt. Vernon Church, 49. 

Mt. Vernon Street, 83, 97. 

Murray's Barracks, site of, 30. 

Museum of Fine Arts, 60-61. 

"Music Hall," old, 19. 

N 

Nantasket Beach, 145. 

Natural History Society, 52. 

Naval Hospital, 108. 

Navy Yard, 107. 

Nervine Asylum, Adams, 122. 

Neuropsychiatric Hospital, LT. S. 
P. H. S. No. 34, 116. 

Neuropsychiatric Hospital, U. S. 
P. H. S. No. 44, 123. 

Newbury Street, 52. 

New England Antiquities, So- 
ciety for the Preservation of, 84. 

New England Baptist Hospital, 
80. 

New England Conservatory of 
Music, 64. 

New England Deaconess Hospital, 
82; Palmer Memorial, 116. 

[__ Cottage Hospital, 51. 



New England Historic Genealog- 
ical Society, building, 28. 

New England Hospital for Women 
and Children, 120. 

New Old South Church, 57. 

Newspaper Row, 16. 

Newton Hospital, 128. 

Niles Building, 17. 

Norman's Woe (Gloucester), 141. 

North End and Boston Harbor, 
99-106. 

North Shore, 138-142. 

North Square, 102, 103. 

North Station, 11. 

Notre Dame Academy, 62. 

Nursery for Blind Babies, 119. 



Odd Fellows Hall, 47. 

Old Colonial houses (South Shore), 

145. 
Old Corner Bookstore Building, 

16. 
Old Court House, site, 17. 
Old Custom House, 33. 
Old Dorchester Mile Stone, 114. 
Old Fairbanks House (Dedham), 

123. 
"Old Manse" (Concord), 151. 
"Old North Church," 6, 100- 

101 ; First "Old North Church" 

(Second Church), 103. 
"Old Oaken Bucket" (Scituate), 

145. 
Old Powder House (Somerville), 

137; Magazine (Plymouth), 147. 
"Old Ship Church" (Hingham), 

144. 
Old South Meeting-House, 16. 
"Old State House," 31. 
Old West Church, 84. 
Opera House, 64. 
"Orchard House" (Concord), 151. 



INDEX 



173 



O'Reilly. .lolin H<nlo. statiif, ")S. 
Otis. Harri.s(»ii (Iray. Hoiisi'. S4. 
Otis. .laiiHs. ti. 



"ra(l.l<Kk elms." L'l. 

Paluirr, Hilwanl, •>. 

Palmer Mt'liiorial Hospital. 116. 

Parade Groiin.!. 20. 

Park Strr.t. II. 

Park Stnct Cluinli. 19. 

Parker. Captain John, statue 
(Lexin^'toii). I 1!». 

Parker Hill, ll'.l. 

Parker House, hot.l. Is. 

Parker, Tlieoilctre. statiif, !_'_'. 

Parkinaii, l-'raneis, (■^tate of and 
(iioniuiirnt. !_'] . 

Parkjnan, (Jotr^e. Iiatnl >tanil. _':;. 

Parting: Stone. 1 js. 

PeaLody Home f.T Cripple.] Cliil- 
dren, 1I«). 

I'eoplc's Forum, Mi. 

People's Pulaee of the Salvation 
Army, liT. 

People's Temple, 17. 

Pemherton S(iuare, 28. 

I'erkins Institution and Massa- 
chusetts Sehool for tJM- niind. 
128. 

Pharmacy, Mas.sachu.setts Col- 
lege of, 7(). 

Phillips, Wendell, statue of, 4',». 

Phips House, 102. 

Phipps Street Huryin;: Croun<|. 
107. 

Pickering Hous." (Sdem). 141. 

Pilgrim Hall and Monument 
(Plymouth), 147. 

Pilgrim Monument (Province- 
town), 14S. 

Places of Anniseuient. 163, 

Plymouth, 145-148. 



Plymouth U<.ek, \U). 
Pormort, Philemon, '.i. 
"Port Mill," Hostcm. (>. 
Post Office, 1.-). 

Prescott, William, statue, 10!>. 
Prospect Hill (Somerville), V.M . 
Province House, wall of, 17. 
Provincetown. 148. 
Psychopathic H..>i.ital. 81-82. 
Public (^.arden, 48. 
Public Library. 54-57. 
i'uritan Hotel, .")! 



(Quaker Meeting-House, site, 30. 
(Quarantine Hosi)ital (Gallop's Is- 
land i. 10.-.. 
(^lincy. 143. 

(^uiney City Il..si.ital, 144. 
(^uiney. Dorothy, house. 144. 
(^uiney Hou.se, h<itel, M). 
(^uincy, .Fosiah, statue, 17. 
(^nincy Mansion, 144. 
(^uiney Market, iil. 



l{aee point Lij^ht. 1 Is. 

HadclifTe College, KM. 

Railway, first in .\merica, K'. 143. 

Registration in Medicine. Hoard 
of. 24. 

Restaurants, 164-165. 

Revere Beach, 141-142. 

Revere, Paul, chairman Hoard of 
Health. 17; home of. 10_'; 
"ride of," G, 101; president of 
Massachusetts Charitable Me- 
chanic Association, iV-i; grave. 
W). 

Revolution, American, 5, (\ 7. 

Ro.xbury, 117-120. 

Roxbury High Fort, lis. 

Roxbury Latin School, 11!>. 



174 



INDEX 



Royal Exchange Tavern, site of, 

33. 
Royall House (Medford), 137. 
Ruggles Street Baptist Church, 46. 



St. Botolph Club, 52. 

St. Cecilia's Roman Catholic 
Church, 58. 

St. Elizabeth's Hospital, 127. 

St. Luke's Home for Convales- 
cents, 118. 

St. Margaret, Sisters of, 97. 

St. Margaret's IVIaternity Hos- 
pital^ 115. 

St. Mary's Infant Asylum, 115. 

St. Michael's Church (Marble- 
head), 139. 

St. Monica's Home, 118. 

St. Paul's Church, 21. 

St. Vincent's Orphan Asylinn, 46. 

Salem, 140. 

Salem Hospital, 141. 

Salvation Army, People's Palace, 
37; Maternity Hospital, 37; 
Hospital and Dispensary, 120. 

Scituate, 145. 

Scollay Square, 29; Station, 13. 

Second Church, "Church of the 
Mathers," 103. 

Sentry Hill, 2. 

Settlers Monument (Hingham), 
144. 

Sewerage System of Boston, 106. 

Sharon Sanatorium, 116. 

Shaw Memorial, 23. 

Shawmutt, 1. 

Ship Tavern, site of, 16. 

Siege of Boston, 7. 

Sight-Seeing Tours, 156. 

Simmons College, 61-62. 

Sleepy Hollow Cemetery (Con- 
cord), 151. 



Smallpox Hospital, 46. 

Smith, Rev. Samuel F., site of 
birthplace, 102. 

Soldiers' Field, 135. 

Somerset Hotel, 51. 

Somerville, 137. 

Somerville Hospital, 137. 

South Bay, 2. 

South Boston, 112-113. 

South Cemetery, 37. 

South Congregational Church, 52. 

South End, 35-47. 

South Shore, 143-148. 

South Station, 11. 

Spring Lane, 1, 16. 

Stadium (Cambridge), 135. 

Stamp Act, 6. 

Standish, Myles, 1; burial place, 
145; monument, 145; sword, 
147. 

State Hospitals for Mental Dis- 
eases, 26. 

State House, 24. 

State Library, 28. 

State Street Square, 32. 

Stillman Infirmary (Cambridge), 
136. 

Stock Exchange, 33. 

Stoddard House, 100. 

Storage Buildings, U. S. A., Quar- 
termaster's, 113. 

Sumner, Charles, home of, 28; 
statue of, 49. 

Sunny Bank Home (Watertown), 
128. 

Surriage, Agnes, well, 140. 

Swampscott, 138. 

Symphony Hall, 63. 



Talitha Cumi Maternity Home 

and Hospital, 122. 
Telegraph, first, 9. 



IXDEX 



175 



Telephone exchanp^e, doctors', 52. 

Telephone, first, 10. 

Tenii)le Aduth Israel, 51. 

Thacher, Thomas, grave of, IS. 

Theaters, 161. 

Theaters, Moving-Picture, 162 

Thompson's Island. 1. 104, 1 ()."». 

Thoreau, Henry D., grave, 151. 

Tileston, John, house of, 1(X). 

Totiruine Hotel, 22. 

Tremont House, site, 18. 

Tremont Street, 11. 

Tremont Temj)le, 1*.). 

Trimount, 1, 2. 

Trinity Church, o.i; rectory of, 

52. 
Tufts College (Somerville), 137. 
Tufts College Medical Sell....], 

64-66. 
T W l.arf. M. 

U 

I'ni<m (^hurch, 17. 
rnitiirian HuiMing, 2S. 
University Club, 4!). 
University Press (Cambridge), 

i:u. 

V 

\'acci nation, 5. 

Vane, .*>ir Harry, site of house, 20; 

statue, r)'). 
Vendome Hotel, 51 . 
Vincent Memorial Hospital, 119. 

W 

Waltham Hospital, 127. 
Waltham Training School for 

Nurses, 127. 
Warren Chambers, 52. 
Warren. Dr. John, site of <l\vcll- 

ing, 17; country house, 121. 



Warren, Dr. John C, house of, 20; 

at first operation under ether, 

S<). 
Warren, Dr. Joseph, 0, 7; site 

of house, 99; statues, 109, 

119. 
Washington Elm (Cambridge), 

134. 
Washington, George, statues of, 

27, 4,S. 
Washington Market, 45. 
Washingt.m .Street. 11, 15. 
Washingtonian Home, 37. 
Waterhouse, Dr. Benjamin, 5. 
NVaterworks, system of, 9, 124. 
Watson's Hill (Plymouth), 148. 
'Wayside" (Concord), 151. 
Webster, Daniel, 9; stiitue of, 27; 

home, 145. 
Wdlesley ColUgc. 128-129. 
Wells Memorial Institute, 37. 
Wentworth Institute, 01. 
West End, 83-98. 
White, Peregrine, cradle, 147. 
Widener Memorial Library (Cam- 
bridge), 1.33. 
^^'intllrol), -lohn, 1; statue of, 50. 
^\ inthrop, John, Jr., 4. 
Witch Hou.se (Salem), 141. 
Women's College Club, 51. 
Wood Island Park, 111. 
Woo. I, William, 2. 
Wright Tavern (Concord), 150. 
Writing School, First District, 29. 



"Ye Olde Blake House," 114. 

Young ]\Ien's Christian Associa- 
tion, 04. 

Young Women's Christian Asso- 
ciation, 47. 



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Stocking' 

\n inv;iliial)k' and idi-iil 
supixirl for all leg t roiililes. 

IKiii^; adjustuhle, wash- 
ai)le, .sanitary, and con- 
laininj; no chistic. It is 
not only the best, but also 
tlie cheapest leg support 
on the market. 

It is made of a ligbt- 
wtij,'ht. especially woven, 
while duck and is provided 
with a detached tongue 
and extra fine three-yard 
lacing. This stocking in- 
cludes the heel !is well as 
the instep and ankle, a 
feature found in no other 
kind of support. 

Directions for measuring 
sent upon application. 

Prices 
Stockiniis. cxtcmlin^ to the 

knee $2.00 each 

Stockinifs, cxtciulini; al)Ove 

ilic knee . . . $,J.oo each 
Anklets, Knee Caps, and 

1 cj,'v,''»«s . . . $1.00 each 

Discount to physicians 

Corliss Li nth Sped a If}/ Co. 

Kil AWa.sliiiij^'lc.ii St., Hoston". Mass. 





are scientificaljy prepared 
to meet eVerjy) demand of 
the discriminating surgeon 

MA-vjrs <Sk (Bib: <ujk, Ihc 

217-221 Duffield Street 

Brooklyn-N.Y- 



iMdM^ 







DIGITALIS 


Medical Advice 


for Heart Men 


Can safely be given only after a 
patient has made a complete 




statement of the important de- 




tails in regard to his habits, his- 


? 


tory, etc. 




To properly give a doctor satis- 




factory service in handling his 


We specialize in Digitalis, 


insurance, a broker must know 


Assayed and Standard- 


and study various facts that 


ized, for Pills, Capsules, 


apply to each case. 


and Tincture. 


I attempt to give personal, care- 




ful study to my clients, and would 




like to demonstrate to you the 




advantage of having one man 


Chester A. Baker, Inc. 


give real attention to your in- 




surance affairs. 


Wholesale and Retail 




Druggists 


STANLEY B. SWAIM 




159 Devonshire Street 


BOSTON, MASS. 


Boston, Massachusetts 




MULTI-STERILE 

Surgeon's Gloves 

Regular, Cadet, and Long Fingers 

Heavy Weight. — Cheapest per 
Operation. 

Reinforced Wrist, — No more "^ ^'^ 

Torn Wrists. Rider's MuLTI-StERILE GlOVES 

P. L. RIDER RUBBER COMPANY, Worcester, Mass. 

OLD ENGLISH ROOM RESTAURANT 

a7id Apartments 

BOYLSTON STREET and PARK SQUARE 

Opposite Public Garden 



% 



Coffee Room — Self-Service 
Upstairs 



FRANK SCHOEBER 
Manager 



178 



E. F. MAHADV COMPANY 

(i71 Hovi.sTox St., Boston', Mass. 

Hospital, Surgical Supplies 
and Equipment 

SURGKAL InsTKIMENTS I'll VUM.VCEUTICALS 

SlUOICAL DrESSIN'CS KlBBF.U (i00D.S 

Si'TiREs AND Ligatures Enamelware and (Jlvs.sware 

Diagnosis Instruments Invalid Articles 

Trusses — Klastic Ilo.sicry — Orllioixdic Ai)paratiis 

Hospital Funiitun' and Stt-riliziTS 

Pliysicians" Office Furniture 

Medical aiui Nurses' Hooks 

LoffipU'U' I'l'inipmcnt for liarterinJogira! and Pal/ioloyical Lahoratoric.t 



Progress 

pUOr.RESS cainiol linit and slill he r.illcd i)rogress. It 
*^ moves only in one directioii — ahead. Jt is f^ratifying 
to (lie makers of llio I5etz lino, to know that the year-by- 
year development of their jH'oducts has kept pace with the 
eonlinned advancement of medical and snr<;ieal practice. 

^T .Ml i)Iiysieians attendni^^ ilie annual nicetin<,' of the 
^-'- .Vmerican Mp:dical Association are cordially in- 
vited to visit our New York Kxj)osition and Salesrooms, 
at G-8 West 48th Street, ^liere our complete lines are 
on disi)lay 

FRANK S. BETZ COMPANY 

H.\MMOM), INDIANA 

New York, 6-S W. JtSth St. Chicago, 30 E. Randolph St. 

179 















UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 
THE MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL COLLEGE 



Session of 1921-1922 



Eight to ten months' full-time courses, in the 
principles of the stated Clinical Specialties, are 
offered to limited groups of physicians, as 
follows: October 10 to June 10, Internal 
Medicine, Neuropsychiatry, Dermatology- 
Syphilology, Roentgenology, Surgery, 
Gynecology-Obstetrics, Orthopedics, 
Urology, Otolaryngology; October 10 to 
July 29, Ophthalmology; October 31 to 
July 1, Pediatrics. Each registrant is limited 
to one only of the foregoing courses. Fee, $600; 
no other charges. 

Limited numbers of scholarships or fellow- 
ships are available to those student physicians 



who are successful in the foregoing courses, 
and who then desire to extend their special 
studies beyond their initial registration periods. 

Limited numbers of scholarships or fellow- 
ships are also available, upon a three years' 
basis, in the following separate Medical Science 
Departments : Biochemistry, Anatomy, 
Physiology, Pathology, Bacteriology — 
Immunology, Pharmacology'. 

A few " personal " courses upon subdepart- 
mental subjects only, are available by special 
arrangement : Bronchoscopy, Perimetry, 
Electrocardiography, Neurootology, 
Neuropathology, etc. 



Address: Dean, Graduate School of Medicine 
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 



180 



F. H. THOMAS CO. 

(iSfMiDl 15()YLST()X STREET, BOSTON, MASS 



Largest Suppliers in 
New England to 

rilYSK lANS, SLUCEOXS, and HOSPITALS. 



A (•()iiij)lrl(' and rc'pivseiilalive ox- 
liii»ili()ii of new surgical medical 
apparatus and (MHiipnuMit at 

S J) aces, 44, 4,"), and 4(). 



We ronshmlly slrlxc lo incril I lie coMfldcnce of tlie 
Medical Profession l>y >npei'finc (juaiily, llawless serv- 
ice, and acceptable methods 




ESTABLISHED 1846 



Physicians Service Department 
H. P. HOOD & SONS 

Dairy Experts 



181 




Members of 

THE AMERICAN MEDICAL 
ASSOCIATION 

are cordially Invited 

to visit the 

Industrial Surgical Clinic 

of the 

EMPLOYERS LIABILITY ASSURANCE 
CORPORATION, LIMITED 

40 Central Street Boston, Mass. 



182 



BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF 
MEDICINE 



Founded JS7J 



Class A 



Ixcorganizcd WIS 



Kntrantk REgutREMKNT3 — A ininimiiiii of 
t\vocol!eg«' years, including Chemistry, Phys- 
ies. Biology, and in a<ldition to EnRlish. at 
least one forei^'n lanKuage. Men and women 
admitted upon equal teruLs. Students limited 
to two hundred. Students admitted to ad- 
vanced standing. 

Insthlction — All fundamental medical 
sciences in charge of full-time professors and 
assistants. Abundant laboratory facilities. 

Clinical Thai.ning — Unusually extensive 



facilities provided in an approved hospital 
having 559 beds, with departments of research, 
neurology, obstetrics, medicine and surgery, 
specialties, contagious, pediatrics, venereal dis- 
eases. .\ll departments except contagious are 
located within two minutes' walk of college. 

Ward walks, clinical clerking, pathological 
conferences, large Out-Paticnt Department. 
Students also receive instruction in Boston 
City Hospital and Weslboro State Hospital 
for Insane. 



Furl her iiifurniatiun and catalngue furiii>lied on applicat imi to 

Kduaici) ]]. Allkn, M.D.. Iu>i!.^lrar. SO i:.i>| ('(.ii((.nl St net. I?(.>l<)n, Mass. 



%n:^ X RAY PLANT 




J'isit the Factory at 
17 STEWART STREET, LYNN. MASS. 

183 



A Complete 

X-Raij Plant 

in Itself 



See it 

at Sj)aces 

OG-111 




LYNN. MASS 



H or licks Malted Milk 

THE ORIGINAL GENUINE MALTED MILK 
A Standard Dietetic Preparation 

Composed of the nutritive constituents of 
whole cows' milk and malted cereals, includ- 
ing the valuable mineral constituents and 
vitamines. Convenient, palatable, easy of di- 
gestion and assimilation. Indicated from In- 
fancy to Old Age. 

Used and Endorsed 

by the Medical Profession for over 

a Third of a Century 

HORLICK'S MALTED MILK CO., Racine, Wis. 



ALKALOL 

The Alkalol Company 

Taunton, Mass. 

IRRIGOL 

Let us mail you a sample 

184 



RING SANATORIUM AND 
HOSPITAL, Inc. 

Arlington Heights, Massachusetts 



Eight Miles from Boston 



For diroiiic, XcrAous, and Mild Menial Illnesses. 

FJAe sej)arale hnildinus permit of segregation and a 

^'arietv of aeeoniinodalions 



Telephone: ARTIIl R II. RIX(;, Ml). 

Ahli\(;t()\ si Superintendent 



Coinplinicnts of 

The Old Comer Bookstore, Inc, 

27-29 Bromjidd Street 

Boston 



Telephone: Main 7000-7070 



185 



BATTERIES 




''Bring' ^em in 
We'll Jix 'em'' 

We Repair 
All Makes 

HELIOS STORAGE 
BATTERY CO. 

Official Columbia Service Station 

71 CHESTNUT ST., BOSTON 

Near Public Garden 
Phone Haymarket 12-'^! 




Complete 

Lines 

in the Best 

Gentlemen's Furnishings 

Clothing, and 

Hats 

WE GUARANTEE to give you 100 
per cent value on everything you buy 
or to cheerfully refund your money. 




Two Stores: 

School Street & City Hall Avenue 
Washington Street & Avery Street 



THE STANDARD CAR 

for 

PROFESSIONAL 

MEN 



Compliments 
of 




THE NOYES-BUICK 
CO. 

A^. E. Distributors 

857 Commonwealth Ave. 

BOSTON 



The 

Franklin 
Motor Car 
Company 

616 

Commonwealth Ave. 

Boston, Mass. 



186 



"SETTLED -in 24 hours" 







AN A( riAL HAri»f:NI\G 



ri 1 II K child ran rit/ht into tJic car. Was it tlie driver's fault? 
J^ ( )nly the courts could decide that. lUit this driver, (ieor<,^e S. 
Curtis, of Peahody, Mass., had LilxM'ty Mutual in^urauce aud 
was saved the court's enil>arrassiu<i; ordeal. 
When the case was settled Mr. Curtis said: 

" / notified the Llherti/ Mutual repre.sentdtire, and in tiventji-Jour hours' time a 
claim made by the child's parents uas settled satisfactorily/' 

Any careful driver may, at any moment, m<M*t with a like mis- 
fortune, for a ))ig majority of auto accidents are due to the care- 
lessness of pedestrians. 

For this reason Liberty Mutual has huill u]) aji extra service 
barrier of protection and offers quick mental, physical, and finan- 
cial relief to all its })olicyhol(Iers. 

Our "Traffic Cop " booklet will interest you. Send for it 

LIBERTY ©MUTUAL 



INSURANCE 



COMPANY 



HOME OFFICE — BOSTON- 
IS? 



For Business 



For Pleasure 




FIVE MODELS TO CHOOSE FROM 

EDWARD BECKER 

Neiv England Distributor 677 Beacon St., Boston 



Fine Folding 
Watches 

WALTHAM and Swiss 
Movements of highest 
grade, fitted into cases of varied 
leathers, viz. Hairhne Seal, Lizard 
Skin, Sharkskin, Morocco, French 
Ecrase, in all the newest colors. 

Some cases have shield for en- 
graving. Initials in Gold may be 
^15.50 to ?p85.00 stamped on any of the leathers. 




PRICES 



ij 24 WINTER STREET 



188 



Tl 1<TS COLLEGE MEDICAL 
AND DENTAL SCHOOL 



The Tufts College 
Medical School 

Tlu- TiiftsCollege Medical Si-hool 
otters a four-year eour.se leadiu^ to 
flie(le<4ree of Doctor of ]\re<licine. 
The uext session Ix'jiins Septeniher 
l!)tli, 1!)^21. Stu«leMtsof l)otli sexes 
are adiiiitted upon ])reseiitatiou of 
an ai)proved iii^di-scliool certificate 
and, in addition, college credit in- 
dicating' two years' work in Chem- 
istry, En«,'lish, Pliysics, Hiol().uy, 
and Frencli or German. 

CnAHLKs V. Paintkh, ]\I.1)., Dean 



The Tufts College 
Deutal School 

The Tnfts College Dental ScIkm.I 
offers a stn<lent who has liad a col- 
lege training, a four-year course 
leading to tiie degree of D.]\LD. 

B<'ing located in Boston, Tufts 
College DiMital School enjoys excel- 
lent clinical advantages. 

Tufts D(>ntal School is co-educa- 
tional. Uegistration begins at }) a.m. 
on June '■21st, and ends on Sep- 
tember 2'2nd, 192L 

William Rh k, D.:vr.D.. Dcaii 



For fiirllier infoniiatiou apply to Fhaxk K. Haskixs, Secretary 
410 lluntiiigloii Avenue, Boston, 17, Mass. 



(i in ita Cigars 

Heacon 1 1 ill 
M ixture 

Importers of 

Trehor Pipes 

Charles B. PerJchfs Co. 

.'50 Kilhy Street 
41 Hronificld Street 



^'oii are Iii\il(Ml to 
\'isit tlio 

WALKi:i{-(;()Rl)ON 

MILK 

LAIU)HA1()UY 

at 11()() Boylston Street 
Boston, and the 

walker-gordon 
:milk farm 

at 

Charles River 

Mass. 



Telephone Hack Bay 2650 



Insurance Doctors 



GEORGE H. CROSBIE 

arid 

CLARENCE T. MACDONALD 

extend greetings to the Medical 
Doctors from far and near. 

We specialize in all kinds of in- 
surance for the medical profession. 

Detailed information gladly given 
about Liquor and Alcohol per- 
mits, Narcotic Dryg Blanks, 
and our Systematic Savings for 
doctors. 

If you are not satisfied with a 
300% increase by some com- 
panies in your physician's liabil- 
ity rates, call or write us. 

Service is Our Motto 

Fort Hill 4239 79 Milk St. 



190 



Lb S 



PiNKHAME' Smith (ft 

malcers of* fine 

SPECTACLES SEYEGUSSES 

Cor the 
discriminating' wearers thereof. 

Imported and Domestic 

CAMERAS • LENSES • PLATES 

FILMS -PAPEKS 

makers of the world renowned 

"SMITH SOFT FOCUS LENSES" 

and 

"WOLFE ARTISTIC 

for hand camera users 

292 Boylston & 13Bromfield St. 
Boston 



Physicians are Cordially Invited to Visit 

THE 
VITALAIT LABORATORY 

COMMONWEALTH AVENUE 

Near Centre Street 
NEWTON CENTRE, MASS. 

Devoted Exclusively to 
Bacillus Bulqaricus Cultures 



' ' 



The 

Commonwealth Avenue 

Hospital 



Surgical 

Medical 

Obstetrical 



617-619 Commonwealth Avenue 
Boston, Massachusetts 



f.. 



